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Spelling was mostly not standardized and left etymological during the Middle Jovlish period. The only two changes seen regularly occurring in Middle Jovlish period were ⟨ł⟩ fully supplanting ⟨ǥ, ɍ⟩ in all instances (⟨éał, heoł, eał⟩) and ⟨t, d⟩ dropping after ⟨ł⟩.
Spelling was mostly not standardized and left etymological during the Middle Jovlish period. The only two changes seen regularly occurring in Middle Jovlish period were ⟨ł⟩ fully supplanting ⟨ǥ, ɍ⟩ in all instances (⟨éał, heoł, eał⟩) and ⟨t, d⟩ dropping after ⟨ł⟩.


===Failed proposals===
====Greek script====
During the Old Jovlish period, there were many proposals and attempts at writing Old Jovlish in the [[w:Greek alphabet|Greek script]] to further bring ties closer between [[w:Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty|Byzantium]] and Jovaia, among other reasons. These proposals never picked up significant speed due to the fact that most of them were either tied to bigger movements such as an official conversion to [[w:Eastern Orthodoxy|orthodoxy]] and/or further [[w:hellenization|hellenization]] of the kingdom or were simply popular with neither the common folk nor the aristocracy.
These proposals were not standardized and differed in representing sounds not present in Byzantine Greek. Sounds such as [t͡ʃ], for example, were represented in a plethora of different ways, which varied by proposal. One common feature across these proposals however is the lack of apparent representation of vowel length, leaving it inferred in a given word.
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ '''Vowels'''
! Phoneme
! Glyph(s)
|-
| [i(ː)]
| ι, ει, η
|-
| [y(ː)]
| υ
|-
| [u(ː)]
| ου
|-
| [e(ː)]
| ε, αι
|-
| [ø]
| οε
|-
| [o(ː)]
| ο, ω
|-
| [æ(ː)]
| αε
|-
| [ɑ(ː)]
| α
|-
| [iʊ̯]
| ευ, εϋ, ιυ, ιϋ
|-
| [i(ː)ɔ̯]
| εο, ιο
|-
| [i(ː)œ̯]
| εοε, ιοε
|-
| [i(ː)ɐ̯]
| εα, ια
|}
</div>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
|+ '''Consonants'''
! Phoneme
! Glyph(s)
! rowspan="13" style="font-weight:normal;" |
! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Phoneme
! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Glyph(s)
|-
| [m]
| μ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [θ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | θ, ρ<sup>[1]</sup>, ρρ<sup>[1]</sup>
|-
| [n]
| ν
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [s]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ς
|-
| [ŋ]
| γγ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ʃ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | σι, ς, ς́
|-
| [pʰ]
| π
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ç, x~χ, h]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | χ
|-
| [tʰ]
| τ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [v]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | β
|-
| [t͡ʃ]
| τσι, τς, τς́
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ð]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | δ
|-
| [kʰ]
| κ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [z]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ζ
|-
| [b]
| μπ, ββ, πβ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ʝ, ʁ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | γ, ρ, λ
|-
| [d]
| ντ, δδ, τδ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [r]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ρ
|-
| [d͡ʒ]
| τζι, τζ, τζ́
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [l]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | λ
|-
| [ɡ]
| γκ, κγ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [j]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ι
|-
| [f]
| φ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [w]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ου
|}
</div>
# only used in loanwords with historical Greek /r̥(ː)/
====Cyrillic script====
Although diplomatic relations with the Russians were mostly sour, proposals to shift Middle and Early Modern Jovlish into being written in Eastern Cyrillic were nonetheless constantly springing up, well into and after the Soviet invasion of Jovaia. These reforms, although reforming an orthography with much bigger and more common disparities between it and the spoken language, suffered from much of the same pitfalls as the Greek proposals that came before it, such as being tied to pro-russian or pro-[[w:russification|russification]] agendas.
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
|+ '''Vowels'''
! Phoneme
! Glyph(s)
! rowspan="11" style="font-weight:normal;" |
! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Phoneme
! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Glyph(s)
|-
| [iː]
| і, ї, ий
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɔ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | о
|-
| [yː]
| ѵ, оуэ, ү
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɐ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | а, аэ, ә
|-
| [uː]
| оу
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [æ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | аэ, а, ә
|-
| [ɪ]
| и
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɑ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | а, о
|-
| [ʏ]
| ы, уэ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [iɐ̯]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | эа, иа, я
|-
| [ʊ]
| у
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [yɐ̯]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | эѵ, эу, эо, иѵ, иу, ю
|-
| [eː]
| ѣ, эй
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɯʊ̯]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | иу, уу, эу, ю
|-
| [ɛ]
| э
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [jə]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | е, ё, ъя, ъе, ъё
|-
| [œ]
| оэ, ө
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɥə]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ъѵ, ъоуэ, ъю
|-
| [ə]
| а, э, о
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [wə]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ъу, ъоу
|}
</div>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
|+ '''Consonants'''
! Phoneme
! Glyph(s)
! rowspan="13" style="font-weight:normal;" |
! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Phoneme
! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Glyph(s)
|-
| [m]
| м
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [θ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ѳ, þ
|-
| [n]
| н
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [s]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | с
|-
| [ŋ]
| нг
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ʃ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ш
|-
| [pʰ]
| п
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ç, χ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | х
|-
| [tʰ]
| т
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [v]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | в
|-
| [t͡ʃ]
| ч
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ð]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ѳ, þ
|-
| [kʰ]
| к
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [z]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | з
|-
| [b]
| б
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ʝ, ʁ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | г, л, ԯ, ӆ
|-
| [d]
| д
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [r]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | р
|-
| [d͡ʒ]
| (д)ж
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [l]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | л, ль
|-
| [ɡ]
| ґ, г
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [j]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | й
|-
| [f]
| ф
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [w]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ў, в
|}
</div>
===Modern script===
===Modern script===
[[File:Jovlish handwritten.jpeg|thumb|right|handwritten sample of the Jovlish Script]]
[[File:Jovlish handwritten.jpeg|thumb|right|handwritten sample of the Jovlish Script]]
Line 1,341: Line 1,086:
| ű, ǖ
| ű, ǖ
|}
|}
===Failed proposals===
====Greek script====
During the Old Jovlish period, there were many proposals and attempts at writing Old Jovlish in the [[w:Greek alphabet|Greek script]] to further bring ties closer between [[w:Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty|Byzantium]] and Jovaia, among other reasons. These proposals never picked up significant speed due to the fact that most of them were either tied to bigger movements such as an official conversion to [[w:Eastern Orthodoxy|orthodoxy]] and/or further [[w:hellenization|hellenization]] of the kingdom or were simply popular with neither the common folk nor the aristocracy.
These proposals were not standardized and differed in representing sounds not present in Byzantine Greek. Sounds such as [t͡ʃ], for example, were represented in a plethora of different ways, which varied by proposal. One common feature across these proposals however is the lack of apparent representation of vowel length, leaving it inferred in a given word.
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ '''Vowels'''
! Phoneme
! Glyph(s)
|-
| [i(ː)]
| ι, ει, η
|-
| [y(ː)]
| υ
|-
| [u(ː)]
| ου
|-
| [e(ː)]
| ε, αι
|-
| [ø]
| οε
|-
| [o(ː)]
| ο, ω
|-
| [æ(ː)]
| αε
|-
| [ɑ(ː)]
| α
|-
| [iʊ̯]
| ευ, εϋ, ιυ, ιϋ
|-
| [i(ː)ɔ̯]
| εο, ιο
|-
| [i(ː)œ̯]
| εοε, ιοε
|-
| [i(ː)ɐ̯]
| εα, ια
|}
</div>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
|+ '''Consonants'''
! Phoneme
! Glyph(s)
! rowspan="13" style="font-weight:normal;" |
! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Phoneme
! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Glyph(s)
|-
| [m]
| μ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [θ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | θ, ρ<sup>[1]</sup>, ρρ<sup>[1]</sup>
|-
| [n]
| ν
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [s]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ς
|-
| [ŋ]
| γγ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ʃ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | σι, ς, ς́
|-
| [pʰ]
| π
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ç, x~χ, h]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | χ
|-
| [tʰ]
| τ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [v]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | β
|-
| [t͡ʃ]
| τσι, τς, τς́
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ð]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | δ
|-
| [kʰ]
| κ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [z]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ζ
|-
| [b]
| μπ, ββ, πβ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ʝ, ʁ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | γ, ρ, λ
|-
| [d]
| ντ, δδ, τδ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [r]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ρ
|-
| [d͡ʒ]
| τζι, τζ, τζ́
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [l]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | λ
|-
| [ɡ]
| γκ, κγ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [j]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ι
|-
| [f]
| φ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [w]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ου
|}
</div>
# only used in loanwords with historical Greek /r̥(ː)/
====Cyrillic script====
Although diplomatic relations with the Russians were mostly sour, proposals to shift Middle and Early Modern Jovlish into being written in Eastern Cyrillic were nonetheless constantly springing up, well into and after the Soviet invasion of Jovaia. These reforms, although reforming an orthography with much bigger and more common disparities between it and the spoken language, suffered from much of the same pitfalls as the Greek proposals that came before it, such as being tied to pro-russian or pro-[[w:russification|russification]] agendas.
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
|+ '''Vowels'''
! Phoneme
! Glyph(s)
! rowspan="11" style="font-weight:normal;" |
! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Phoneme
! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Glyph(s)
|-
| [iː]
| і, ї, ий
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɔ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | о
|-
| [yː]
| ѵ, оуэ, ү
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɐ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | а, аэ, ә
|-
| [uː]
| оу
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [æ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | аэ, а, ә
|-
| [ɪ]
| и
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɑ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | а, о
|-
| [ʏ]
| ы, уэ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [iɐ̯]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | эа, иа, я
|-
| [ʊ]
| у
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [yɐ̯]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | эѵ, эу, эо, иѵ, иу, ю
|-
| [eː]
| ѣ, эй
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɯʊ̯]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | иу, уу, эу, ю
|-
| [ɛ]
| э
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [jə]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | е, ё, ъя, ъе, ъё
|-
| [œ]
| оэ, ө
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɥə]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ъѵ, ъоуэ, ъю
|-
| [ə]
| а, э, о
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [wə]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ъу, ъоу
|}
</div>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
|+ '''Consonants'''
! Phoneme
! Glyph(s)
! rowspan="13" style="font-weight:normal;" |
! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Phoneme
! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Glyph(s)
|-
| [m]
| м
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [θ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ѳ, þ
|-
| [n]
| н
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [s]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | с
|-
| [ŋ]
| нг
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ʃ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ш
|-
| [pʰ]
| п
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ç, χ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | х
|-
| [tʰ]
| т
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [v]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | в
|-
| [t͡ʃ]
| ч
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ð]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ѳ, þ
|-
| [kʰ]
| к
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [z]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | з
|-
| [b]
| б
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ʝ, ʁ]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | г, л, ԯ, ӆ
|-
| [d]
| д
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [r]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | р
|-
| [d͡ʒ]
| (д)ж
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [l]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | л, ль
|-
| [ɡ]
| ґ, г
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [j]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | й
|-
| [f]
| ф
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [w]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ў, в
|}
</div>


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Jovlish"