Verse:Mwail/European Neo-Thean: Difference between revisions
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| ''ka̗'' /kɑ˩˥/ 'roof' | | ''ka̗'' /kɑ˩˥/ 'roof' | ||
Revision as of 23:05, 12 June 2025
- This concerns one of many timelines for Angai.
In Angai, Thean (/ˈθiːən/, natively shreñ³²³ Thidh³⁵) or Theic is a family of analytic monosyllabic tonal languages in the Trans-Sarnathian family, spoken in Æm Múr. Thean is head-initial and SVO. Timeline 1's Modern Standard Thean is inspired by Northern Athabaskan languages.
Thean is derived from Zzea /θīə/, the Kua pronunciation of the place name Thidh³³.
Thean is natively written in a deep orthography reflecting Old Thean pronunciation.
Phonology of Modern Standard Thean
Modern Standard Thean is one of the more conservative varieties of Modern Thean. Other Thean lects have lost some or all finals.
Initials
| Labial | Inter- dental |
Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | sibilant | lateral | plain | labialized | ||||||
| Stop | /p/ b | /tθ/ ddh | /t/ d | /ts/ dz | /tɬ/ dl | /ʈʂ/ dr | /tʃ/ j | /k/ g | /kw/ gw | /ʔ/ |
| Fricative | /f/ f | /θ/ th | /s/ s | /ʂ/ shr | /ʃ/ sh | /x/ x | /xw/ xw | /h/ h | ||
| Sonorant | /m/ m | /n/ n | /l/ l | /ɻ/ r | /j/ y | /w/ w | ||||
Nuclei
i, e, a, o, u /i e a o u/
Finals
-p -t -k -m -n -ñ -dh -w -y -r /-p̚ -t̚ -k̚ -m -n -ŋ -ð̠˕ -w -j -ɻ/ (null is allowed)
-p and -m finals are only found in words that don't go back to Proto-Trans-Sarnathian.
Tone
Modern Standard Thean has 9 phonemic tones (shamelessly stolen from Kam):
| Rom. | IPA | English name | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ā | /˥/ (55) | high | kā /kɑ˥/ 'short' | |
| a | /˧/ (33) | mid | ka /kɑ˧/ 'to take' | |
| a̱ | /˩/ (11) | low | ka̱ /kɑ˩/ 'to exhale' | Often marked by vocal fry. |
| a̗ | /˩˥/ (13) | low-rise | ka̗ /kɑ˩˥/ 'roof' | Often begins with vocal fry. May be realized as [˩˦] (14), or even [˨˦] (24) in rapid speech. |
| á | /˧˥/ (35) | mid-rise | ká /kɑ˧˥/ 'fencepost' | |
| à | /˥˩/ (51) | high-fall | kà /kɑ˥˩/ 'crow, raven; (ideophone) caw' | May be realized as [˥˧] (53). |
| a̖ | /˧˩/ (31) | mid-fall | ka̖ /kɑ˧˩/ 'finger' | |
| a̬ | /˨˩˨/ (212) | dip | ka̬ /kɑ˨˩˨/ 'oil, fat, grease' | Often realized as [˩˨] (12) in rapid speech. |
| â | /˧˦˧/ (343) | peak | kâ /kɑ˧˦˧/ 'to imprint, to stamp' | May be [˨˧˨] (232). Often realized as [˦˩] (41) or [˦˨] (42) in rapid speech. |
Tone diachronics
| syllable type→ initial↓ |
A (null or resonant final) | B (glottal stop final) | C (fricative final) | D (stop final) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| glottalized initial | 55 | 323 | 53 | 55 |
| modal initial | 35 | 13 | 453 | 33 |
| breathy initial | 11 | 31 | 33 | 11 |