Nankôre: Difference between revisions
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[[Inverse marker] - [Primary Verb ] - [Evidential] ] + [[Cause] - [Verb] - [Modality] - [Aspect] - [Pronoun] - [Tense]] + [NEG] + [INTEROG] | [[Inverse marker] - [Primary Verb ] - [Evidential] ] + [[Cause] - [Verb] - [Modality] - [Aspect] - [Pronoun] - [Tense]] + [NEG] + [INTEROG] | ||
===== Main Verb ===== | |||
The main verb is believed to be descended from a verbal noun. The main verb hosts the Inverse Marker ''tā-/ta-'', applicative, aspect, and evidential/modal markers. If a pronoun is used, it may cliticize to the first element of the verb. However, one or more adjuncts may be inserted between the portmanteau pronoun and the verb, in which case the portmanteau cliticizes to the adjunct following it. | |||
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portmanteau=[INV-APP-ASP-EVID-MAIN.VERB] [AUX.VERB] | |||
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The Applicative affixes betray their origins as locomotive verbs. However, Applicatives, unlike their locomotive verbal counterparts, also alter the argument structure of a clause by promoting an oblique NP to a derived Patient argument; this promotion of an oblique argument triggers the demotion of the original Patient argument to oblique status. Applicatives are mutually incompatible with the Passive and Antipassive markers that are carried on the auxiliary verb (see section on Auxiliary Verbs below). | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Applicative !! Meaning | |||
|- | |||
! style=""| Dative/Allative | |||
| san|| to, towards | |||
|- | |||
! style=""| Benefactive | |||
| nas-|| for | |||
|- | |||
! style=""| Commitative | |||
| ya(m)-|| with, along | |||
|- | |||
! style=""| Instrumental | |||
| mak-|| by means of, using | |||
|- | |||
! style=""| Ablative | |||
| ri(s)-|| from | |||
|- | |||
! style=""| Locative | |||
| ne(h)-|| in, within | |||
|- | |||
! style=""| Prolative (Vialis) | |||
| nak-|| through | |||
|- | |||
! style=""| Elative | |||
| nak-|| out of | |||
|- | |||
! style=""| Illative | |||
| nak-|| into | |||
|- | |||
! style=""| Superessive | |||
| or-|| above | |||
|- | |||
! style=""| Subessive | |||
| yor-|| below | |||
|- | |||
! style=""| Ablative-Superessive | |||
| suk-|| from above | |||
|- | |||
! style=""| Ablative-Subessive | |||
| roy-|| from below | |||
|- | |||
! style=""| Transversive | |||
| tek(i)-|| across | |||
|- | |||
! style=""| Riverine | |||
| tem-, ten-|| along a river | |||
|- | |||
! style=""| Montaigne | |||
| yayk-|| upwards on a mountain | |||
|} | |||
=====Auxiliary Verbs ===== | =====Auxiliary Verbs ===== | ||