Húsnorsk: Difference between revisions

Line 139:

:'''''mannvjódinn vą 1.500 '''''—''The population was 1,500''

In this example, the word order matches English relatively well, ~~but~~ we see "vą" ("was") in the second position.

In this example, the word order matches English relatively well, and we see "vą" ("was") in the second position.

In this next example, we see it break away from English order, with the verb still occupying V2 position.

:'''''árit 2000 vą mannvjódinn 1.500'''''—''In 2000, the population was 1,500'' (lit. ''The year 2000 was the population 1,500'')

The prepositional phrase "árit 2000" (in green) counts as a single unit, thus the verb must come after 2000 rather than árit.

The prepositional phrase "árit 2000" (in green) counts as a single unit, thus the verb must come after ''2000'' rather than ''árit''.

Unlike Icelandic, V2 order has no exceptions, as SV inversion isn't used for yes/no questions. In the following example, you'll see one method of question marking:

:'''''Ari havi ~~sút~~''''' — Ari is hungry (lit. ''Ari has ~~hunger~~'')

:'''''Ari havi sútin''''' — ''Ari is hungry'' (lit. ''Ari has hungry'')

and ~~when turned into~~ a question:

and as a question:

:'''''Ari havi ~~sút~~'''''? — Is Ari hungry? (lit. ''Ari has ~~hunger~~?'')

:'''''Ari havi sútin?''''' — ''Is Ari hungry?'' (lit. ''Ari has hungry?'')

Here you see the most common form of question, one without grammatical change, these use a rising vocal intonation as their marking (or a question mark in writing).

Another method is SO inversion, as in:

:'''''~~sút~~ havi Ari'''''? — Is Ari hungry? (lit. ''~~Hunger~~ has Ari?'')

:'''''sútin havi Ari?''''' — ''Is Ari hungry?'' (lit. ''Hungry has Ari?'')

Something important you'll notice here is the use of "to have" where "to be" is used in other Germanic languages, this is a feature of Húsnorsk where permanent attributes use "to be" while temporary states use "to have", thus:

:'''''Ari er sø̄''''' — Ari is happy (Ari is ''always'' happy)

:'''''Ari er sø̄''''' — ''Ari is happy'' (Ari is ''always'' happy)

:'''''Ari havi ~~sø̄d~~''''' — Ari is happy (Ari is happy right now)

:'''''Ari havi sø̄''''' — ''Ari is happy'' (Ari is happy right now)

This system is, in a way, similar to Spanish's two copulas.

While "hava" can generally only take a noun, when used this way, "hava" takes an adjective just like "vera". When both an adjective and a noun exist, there is a semantic difference in meaning between the two, so saying '''''Ari havi sø̄''''' is the English "Ari is happy", but saying '''''Ari havi sø̄d''''' means she's possessing happiness, "having happiness" is roughly equivalent to saying "withholding/denying happiness".

This hava vs vera copula system is, in a way, similar to Spanish's two copulas.

@@ Line 139: / Line 139: @@
 :'''''<span style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#fad67d">mannvjódinn</span> <span style="background-color:#abd5f5">vą</span> <span style="background-color:#ff9090"> 1.500</span> </span>'''''—''The population was 1,500''
-In this example, the word order matches English relatively well, but we see "vą" ("was") in the second position.
+In this example, the word order matches English relatively well, and we see "vą" ("was") in the second position.
 In this next example, we see it break away from English order, with the verb still occupying V2 position.
 :'''''<span style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#90ff90">árit 2000</span> <span style="background-color:#abd5f5">vą</span> <span style="background-color:#fad67d">mannvjódinn</span> <span style="background-color:#ff9090">1.500</span></span>'''''—''In 2000, the population was 1,500'' (lit. ''The year 2000 was the population 1,500'')
-The prepositional phrase "árit 2000" (in green) counts as a single unit, thus the verb must come after 2000 rather than árit.
+The prepositional phrase "árit 2000" (in green) counts as a single unit, thus the verb must come after ''2000'' rather than ''árit''.
 Unlike Icelandic, V2 order has no exceptions, as SV inversion isn't used for yes/no questions. In the following example, you'll see one method of question marking:
-:'''''Ari havi sút''''' — Ari is hungry (lit. ''Ari has hunger'')
+:'''''Ari havi sútin''''' — ''Ari is hungry'' (lit. ''Ari has hungry'')
-and when turned into a question:
+and as a question:
-:'''''Ari havi sút'''''? — Is Ari hungry? (lit. ''Ari has hunger?'')
+:'''''Ari havi sútin?''''' — ''Is Ari hungry?'' (lit. ''Ari has hungry?'')
 Here you see the most common form of question, one without grammatical change, these use a rising vocal intonation as their marking (or a question mark in writing).
 Another method is SO inversion, as in:
-:'''''sút havi Ari'''''? — Is Ari hungry? (lit. ''Hunger has Ari?'')
+:'''''sútin havi Ari?''''' — ''Is Ari hungry?'' (lit. ''Hungry has Ari?'')
 Something important you'll notice here is the use of "to have" where "to be" is used in other Germanic languages, this is a feature of Húsnorsk where permanent attributes use "to be" while temporary states use "to have", thus:
-:'''''Ari er sø̄''''' — Ari is happy (Ari is ''always'' happy)
+:'''''Ari er sø̄''''' — ''Ari is happy'' (Ari is ''always'' happy)
-:'''''Ari havi sø̄d''''' — Ari is happy (Ari is happy right now)
+:'''''Ari havi sø̄''''' — ''Ari is happy'' (Ari is happy right now)
-This system is, in a way, similar to Spanish's two copulas.
+While "hava" can generally only take a noun, when used this way, "hava" takes an adjective just like "vera". When both an adjective and a noun exist, there is a semantic difference in meaning between the two, so saying '''''Ari havi sø̄''''' is the English "Ari is happy", but saying '''''Ari havi sø̄d''''' means she's possessing happiness, "having happiness" is roughly equivalent to saying "withholding/denying happiness".
+This hava vs vera copula system is, in a way, similar to Spanish's two copulas.