Linguifex

Mirmio: Difference between revisions

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=== Consonants ===
=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Phonemic Inventory
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Bilabial_consonant|Bilabial]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:Coronal_consonant|Coronal]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Palatal_consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:Velar_consonant|Velar]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Guttural_consonant|Guttural]]
|-
!Plain
![[w:Labialized_consonant|Labialized]]
!Plain
![[w:Labialized_consonant|Labialized]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:Nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|m
|
|n̼
|ɲ
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Stop_consonant|Stop]]
![[w:Aspirated_consonant|Aspirated]]
|pʰ
|
|
|
|
|kʷʰ
|
|-
![[w:Tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|p
|
|
|
|k
|kʷ
|ʔ
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Affricate|Affricate]]
![[w:Median_consonant|Median]]
|
|t͡ʃ
|t͡ʃʷ
|
|
|
|
|-
![[w:Lateral_consonant|Lateral]]
|
|t͡ɬ
|t͡ɬʷ
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Fricative_consonant|Fricative]]
![[w:Median_consonant|Median]]
|
|
|θ̼ ð̼
|ç
|x
|
|χ
|-
![[w:Lateral_consonant|Lateral]]
|
|ɬ
|ɬʷ
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Approximant_consonant|Approximant]]
![[w:Median_consonant|Median]]
|ɥ
|ɹ
|
|j
|ɰ
|w
|
|-
![[w:Lateral_consonant|Lateral]]
|
|l
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:Flap_consonant|Flap]]
|
|r
|
|
|
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Phonetic Inventory
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Bilabial_consonant|Bilabial]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Bilabial_consonant|Bilabial]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:Coronal_consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:Coronal_consonant|Coronal]]
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! colspan="3" |[[w:Nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
! colspan="3" |[[w:Nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|[[w:ʲ|mʲ]]
|[[w:ʲ|mʲ]]
|
|[[w:Voiced_linguolabial_nasal|n̼]]
|[[w:Voiced_linguolabial_nasal|n̼]]
|
|[[w:IPA_ɲ|ɲ]]
|[[w:IPA_ɲ|ɲ]]
|
|
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![[w:Median_consonant|Median]]
![[w:Median_consonant|Median]]
|[[w:ʲ|pʲ]]
|[[w:ʲ|pʲ]]
|[[w:voiceless_alveopalatal_affricate|t͡ɕ]]
|
|[[w:whistled_sibilant|t͡σ̠]]
|
|
|
|[[w:ʲ|kʲ]]
|[[w:ʲ|kʲ]]
Line 46: Line 153:
|-
|-
![[w:Lateral_consonant|Lateral]]
![[w:Lateral_consonant|Lateral]]
|
|[[w:lateral_release_(phonetics)|tˡ]]
|[[w:labialization|tˡʷ]]
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[w:Affricate|Affricate]]
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Median_consonant|Median]]
![[w:Aspirated_consonant|Aspirated]]
|
|[[w:aspirated_consonant|t͡ɕʰ]]
|[[w:aspirated_consonant|t͡σ̠ʰ]]
|
|
|
|
|-
![[w:Tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|
|[[w:voiceless_alveopalatal_affricate|t͡ɕ]]
|[[w:whistled_sibilant|t͡σ̠]]
|
|
|
|
|-
![[w:Voiced_consonant|Voiced]]
|
|[[w:voiced_alveo-palatal_affricate|d͡ʑ]]
|[[w:whistled_sibilant|d͡ƍ₋]]
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Lateral_consonant|Lateral]]
![[w:Aspirated_consonant|Aspirated]]
|
|[[w:aspirated_consonant|t͡ɬʰ]]
|[[w:aspirated_consonant|t͡ɬʷʰ]]
|
|
|
|
|-
![[w:Tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|
|
|[[w:voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricate|t͡ɬ]]
|[[w:voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricate|t͡ɬ]]
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! rowspan="2" |[[w:Fricative_consonant|Fricative]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Fricative_consonant|Fricative]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:Median_consonant|Median]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:Median_consonant|Median]]
|
|
|
|[[w:θ̼|θ̼]] [[w:ð̼|ð̼]]
|[[w:θ̼|θ̼]] [[w:ð̼|ð̼]]
|
|[[w:IPA_ç|ç]]
|[[w:IPA_ç|ç]]
|[[w:IPA_x|x]]
|[[w:IPA_x|x]]
Line 95: Line 250:
|
|
|[[w:IPA_ɽ|ɽ]]
|[[w:IPA_ɽ|ɽ]]
|
|[[w:prenasalization|ⁿɾ̼]]
|
|
|
|
Line 317: Line 472:
|[[w:IPA_o|o]]
|[[w:IPA_o|o]]
|[[w:nasal_vowel|õ]]
|[[w:nasal_vowel|õ]]
|[[w:retracted_tongue_root|o̙]]
|[[w:retracted_tongue_root|ɔ̙̈]]
|-
|-
![[w:open_vowel|Open]]
![[w:open_vowel|Open]]
Line 327: Line 482:
|
|
|[[w:retracted_tongue_root|æ̙]]
|[[w:retracted_tongue_root|æ̙]]
|}
|}Any two vowels can form a diphthong as long as they are both oral or both nasal.
/o̙/ and its tonal counterparts are phonetically [ɔ̙̈].
 
Any two vowels can form a diphthong as long as they are both oral or both nasal.


Nasal vowel harmony occurs regresssively. +RTR vowels are opaque oral vowels. There is no tie to the presence or absence of nasal consonants.
Nasal vowel harmony occurs regresssively. +RTR vowels are opaque oral vowels. There is no tie to the presence or absence of nasal consonants.
Line 382: Line 534:


== Syntax ==
== Syntax ==
There are 5 word orders used for different relationships between a verb and its arguments
Mirmio syntax does not allow for arguments to clearly be labeled subject or object, so it instead uses the terms initiator (I) and associate (A) for the two main arguments of a verb (V). The initiator is the argument that is most involved in the action, but not always the agent since agency is determined by lexical or grammatical animacy. The associate is the argument that is less involved in the action than the initiator, and in some cases can be the agent. There are 5 word orders used for different relationships between a verb and its arguments, and all of their components listed here are mandatory:
 
# '''Associate - Verb (AV): used for when the verb is a particular state the associate exists in. This word order is commonly used to express adjective-like or adverb-like modification.'''
# '''Initiator - Verb - Associate (IVA):''' used for when the verb is an action involving literal or metaphorical motion toward the associate.
# '''Initiator - Verb - Coverb - Associate (IVCA):''' used for when the verb is an action involving the production of the associate from the initiator in some way.
# '''Initiator - Associate - Verb (IAV):''' used for when the verb is a non-literal or non-physical action. This commonly includes irrealis, negative, vague, and other related statements. The lack of specificity for the true relationship between the verb and arguments that the other word orders express is due to the lack of tangibility to the event in discussion.
# '''Verb - Initiator - Associate (VIA):''' used for when the verb is a relationship between the initiator and associate. It can be argued that "initiator" and "associate" are misnomers within this word order because no action is being taken. However, their usage can be justified as the argument in the initiator position is always dominant or equal to the argument in the asociate position.
 
=== Animacy and Agency ===
When the associate is grammatically marked as animate, AV word order instead expresses reflexivity.


=== Parts of Speech ===
=== Parts of Speech ===
Line 491: Line 652:
| colspan="7" |Djá'uku': Svethùùgkf kvùùrthee dja'uku'.
| colspan="7" |Djá'uku': Svethùùgkf kvùùrthee dja'uku'.
|-
|-
| colspan="7" |{{Ipa|/t͡ɕəu̯˦˨˦χu˥˩ {{!}} ɬʷeθ̼u̙ːɰkʷʰ kʷu̙ːɽθ̼eː t͡ɕəu̯˦˨˦χu˥˩/}}|-
| colspan="7" |{{Ipa|[d͡ʑɜʊ̯˦˨˦χʊ˥˩ {{!}} ɬʷeθ̼ʊ̙ːɰkʷʰ kʷʊ̙ːɽθ̼eː d͡ʑɜʊ̯˦˨˦χʊ˥˩]}}
| colspan="7" |{{Ipa|[d͡ʑɜʊ̯˦˨˦χʊ˥˩ {{!}} ɬʷeθ̼ʊ̙ːɰkʷʰ kʷʊ̙ːɽθ̼eː d͡ʑɜʊ̯˦˨˦χʊ˥˩]}}
|-
|-
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