Nankôre: Difference between revisions

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======Tense and Voice ======

The Nankôre verb is rich in voice and tense distinctions. These distinctions are combined in an auxiliary verb, formed by adding one or more prefixes to the copular verb ''itá'' /ɪ'taʔ/, hence this auxiliary is called the ''itá''-verb. The ''itá''-auxiliary verb is always clause final, the main verb and any other VP particles preceding it. One voice, the ~~Neutral~~, also encodes formality, with the long forms, i.e. ''man'itá', suphitá', tā'itá', hô'itá', and pā'itá''', used for formal situations, and the short forms for informal conversation among friends and family.

The Nankôre verb is rich in voice and tense distinctions. These distinctions are combined in an auxiliary verb, formed by adding one or more prefixes to the copular verb ''itá'' /ɪ'taʔ/, hence this auxiliary is called the ''itá''-verb. The ''itá''-auxiliary verb is always clause final, the main verb and any other VP particles preceding it. One voice, the Direct, also encodes formality, with the long forms, i.e. ''man'itá', suphitá', tā'itá', hô'itá', and pā'itá''', used for formal situations, and the short forms for informal conversation among friends and family.

Note that the Present Inverse form ''tā'itá''' is identical in form with that of the Past ~~Neutral form~~. Fortunately, the Inverse Voice is double-marked: the enclitic ''tā='' cliticizes to the main verb so no ambiguity arises.

Note that the Present Inverse form ''tā'itá''' is identical in form with that of the Past Directform. Fortunately, the Inverse Voice is double-marked: the enclitic ''tā='' cliticizes to the main verb so no ambiguity arises.

In a clause chain, the auxiliary for the ~~Neutral~~-Present voice may be dropped after the first clause from the entire discourse. All clauses following the initial clause take the dropped auxiliary's tense; if the auxiliary is mentioned again, it usually is done to indicate a tense shift. However, if the auxiliary is in any of the non-~~Neutral voices~~, it must be retained in the discourse.<br/><br/>

In a clause chain, the auxiliary for the Direct-Present voice may be dropped after the first clause from the entire discourse. All clauses following the initial clause take the dropped auxiliary's tense; if the auxiliary is mentioned again, it usually is done to indicate a tense shift. However, if the auxiliary is in any of the non-Directvoices, it must be retained in the discourse.<br/><br/>

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"

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! !! Present !! Mythological Past || Distal Past ||Past||Recent Morning Past || Future

|-

! style=""| ~~Neutral~~

! style=""| Direct

| itá'|| man'itá', nitá' ||suphitá', shitá'|| tā'itá', titá'|| hô'itá', hitá' || pā'itáhi, pitáhi

|-

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 ======Tense and Voice ======
-The Nankôre verb is rich in voice and tense distinctions.  These distinctions are combined in an auxiliary verb, formed by adding one or more prefixes to the copular verb ''itá'' /ɪ'taʔ/, hence this auxiliary is called the ''itá''-verb.  The ''itá''-auxiliary verb is always clause final, the main verb and any other VP particles  preceding it.  One voice, the Neutral, also encodes formality, with the long forms, i.e. ''man'itá', suphitá', tā'itá',  hô'itá', and pā'itá''',  used for formal situations, and the short forms for informal conversation among friends and family.
+The Nankôre verb is rich in voice and tense distinctions.  These distinctions are combined in an auxiliary verb, formed by adding one or more prefixes to the copular verb ''itá'' /ɪ'taʔ/, hence this auxiliary is called the ''itá''-verb.  The ''itá''-auxiliary verb is always clause final, the main verb and any other VP particles  preceding it.  One voice, the Direct, also encodes formality, with the long forms, i.e. ''man'itá', suphitá', tā'itá',  hô'itá', and pā'itá''',  used for formal situations, and the short forms for informal conversation among friends and family.
-Note that the Present Inverse form ''tā'itá''' is identical in form with that of the Past Neutral form.  Fortunately, the Inverse Voice is double-marked: the enclitic ''tā='' cliticizes to the main verb so no ambiguity arises.
+Note that the Present Inverse form ''tā'itá''' is identical in form with that of the Past Directform.  Fortunately, the Inverse Voice is double-marked: the enclitic ''tā='' cliticizes to the main verb so no ambiguity arises.
-In a clause chain, the auxiliary for the Neutral-Present voice may be dropped after the first clause from the entire discourse.  All clauses following the initial clause take the dropped auxiliary's tense; if the auxiliary is mentioned again, it usually is done to indicate a tense shift.  However, if the auxiliary is in any of the non-Neutral voices, it must be retained in the discourse.<br/><br/>
+In a clause chain, the auxiliary for the Direct-Present voice may be dropped after the first clause from the entire discourse.  All clauses following the initial clause take the dropped auxiliary's tense; if the auxiliary is mentioned again, it usually is done to indicate a tense shift.  However, if the auxiliary is in any of the non-Directvoices, it must be retained in the discourse.<br/><br/>
 {| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
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 ! !! Present !! Mythological Past || Distal Past ||Past||Recent Morning Past || Future
 |-
-! style=""| Neutral
+! style=""| Direct
 | itá'|| man'itá', nitá' ||suphitá',	shitá'|| tā'itá', titá'|| hô'itá', hitá' || pā'itáhi, pitáhi
 |-