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=== Phonotactics ===
=== Phonotactics ===
The phonotactics in all Iskel dialects are the same. There is a (C)(C)(C)V(V)(V)(C)(C)(C) syllable structure, with only 3 consonants and 3 vowels (triphthongs or three nuclei) being able to be adjacent at a time. All phonemes can be adjacent to one another. Geminate consonants or long vowels count as one instead of two. No phoneme can occur three times in a row. Long vowels cannot be part of polypthongs.
The phonotactics in all Iskel dialects are the same. There is a (C)(C)(C)V(V)(V)(C)(C)(C) syllable structure, with only 3 consonants and 3 vowels (triphthongs or three nuclei) being able to be adjacent at a time. All phonemes can be adjacent to one another except for Lanikel and Kliqel's /ɾ/s and Duskel's /r/. Geminate consonants or long vowels count as one instead of two. No phoneme can occur three times in a row. Long vowels cannot be part of polypthongs.
 
All Iskel dialects have a suprasegmental feature that can be analyzed as a phonemic pause.  


=== Lanikel Inventory ===
=== Lanikel Inventory ===
Line 52: Line 54:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|[[w:Voiced_labiodental_nasal|ɱ]]
|[[w:Voiced_labiodental_nasal|ɱ]] '''m'''
|
|
|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_nasal|n]]
|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_nasal|n]] '''n'''
|
|
|[[w:Voiced_palatal_nasal|ɲ]]
|[[w:Voiced_palatal_nasal|ɲ]] '''ny, ñ'''
|[[w:Voiced_velar_nasal|ŋ]]
|[[w:Voiced_velar_nasal|ŋ]] '''ng, ŋ'''
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:stop_consonant|Stop]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:stop_consonant|Stop]]
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
|[[w:voiceless_bilabial_plosive|p]]
|[[w:voiceless_bilabial_plosive|p]] '''p'''
|
|
|[[w:Voiceless_alveolar_plosive|t]]
|[[w:Voiceless_alveolar_plosive|t]] '''t'''
|[[w:Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate|t͡ʃ]]
|[[w:Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate|t͡ʃ]] '''ch, č'''
|
|
|[[w:IPA_k|k]]
|[[w:IPA_k|k]] '''k'''
|[[w:glottal_stop|ʔ]]
|[[w:glottal_stop|ʔ]] '''q'''
|-
|-
![[w:Voicedness|Voiced]]
![[w:Voicedness|Voiced]]
|[[w:IPA_b|b]]
|[[w:IPA_b|b]] '''b'''
|
|
|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_affricate|d͡z]]
|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_affricate|d͡z]] '''dz, ẑ'''
|[[w:Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate|d͡ʒ]]
|[[w:Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate|d͡ʒ]] '''j'''
|
|
|[[w:IPA_g|ɡ]]
|[[w:IPA_g|ɡ]] '''g'''
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Fricative|Fricative]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Fricative|Fricative]]
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
|[[w:IPA_f|f]]
|[[w:IPA_f|f]] '''f'''
|[[w:voiceless_dental_fricative|θ]]
|[[w:voiceless_dental_fricative|θ]] '''th, þ'''
|[[w:IPA_s|s]]
|[[w:IPA_s|s]] '''s'''
|[[w:voiceless_palato-alveolar_fricative|ʃ]]
|[[w:voiceless_palato-alveolar_fricative|ʃ]] '''sh, š'''
|[[w:voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative|ʎ̝̊]]
|[[w:voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative|ʎ̝̊]] '''lh, ç'''
|[[w:IPA_x|x]]
|[[w:IPA_x|x]] '''x'''
|[[w:IPA_h|h]]
|[[w:IPA_h|h]] '''h'''
|-
|-
![[w:Voicedness|Voiced]]
![[w:Voicedness|Voiced]]
|[[w:IPA_v|v]]
|[[w:IPA_v|v]] '''v'''
|[[w:voiced_dental_fricative|ð]]
|[[w:voiced_dental_fricative|ð]] '''d'''
|[[w:IPA_z|z]]
|[[w:IPA_z|z]] '''z'''
|[[w:voiced_palato-alveolar_fricative|ʒ]]
|[[w:voiced_palato-alveolar_fricative|ʒ]] '''zh, ž'''
|
|
|
|
Line 100: Line 102:
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
![[w:oral_consonant|Oral]]
![[w:oral_consonant|Oral]]
|[[w:IPA_w|w]]
|[[w:IPA_w|w]] '''w'''
|
|
|[[w:IPA_l|l]]
|[[w:IPA_l|l]] '''l'''
|
|
|[[w:IPA_j|j]]
|[[w:IPA_j|j]] '''y'''
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
![[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
![[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|w̃]]
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|w̃]] '''wǹ, ṽ'''
|
|
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|l̃]]
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|l̃]] '''lǹ, ł'''
|
|
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|j̃]]
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|j̃]] '''yǹ,''' '''ỹ'''
|
|
|
|
Line 120: Line 122:
|
|
|
|
|[[w:voiced_alveolar_tap|ɾ]]
|[[w:voiced_alveolar_tap|ɾ]] '''r'''
|
|
|
|
|[[w:voiced_uvular_trill|ʀ]]
|[[w:voiced_uvular_trill|ʀ]] '''rr, ř'''
|
|
|-
|-
Line 129: Line 131:
![[w:nasal_click|Nasal]]
![[w:nasal_click|Nasal]]
|
|
|[[w:dental_nasal_click|ŋ͡ʇ]]
|[[w:dental_nasal_click|ŋ͡ʇ]] '''cn'''
|[[w:nasal_alveolar_click|ŋ͡ǃ¡]]
|[[w:nasal_alveolar_click|ŋ͡ǃ¡]] '''cǹ'''
|
|
|[[w:nasal_palatal_click|ŋ͡ǂ]]
|[[w:nasal_palatal_click|ŋ͡ǂ]] '''cñ'''
|
|
|
|
Line 138: Line 140:
![[w:tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
![[w:tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|
|
|[[w:tenuis_dental_click|k͡ʇ]]
|[[w:tenuis_dental_click|k͡ʇ]] '''ct'''
|[[w:tenuis_alveolar_click|k͡ǃ¡]]
|[[w:tenuis_alveolar_click|k͡ǃ¡]] '''cl'''
|
|
|[[w:tenuis_palatal_click|k͡ǂ]]
|[[w:tenuis_palatal_click|k͡ǂ]] '''cy'''
|
|
|
|
Line 527: Line 529:
!/p/
!/p/
|p
|p
!/iː/
!/ɪ/
|ī
|î
!/p/
!/p/
|p
|p
!/iː/
!/ɯ/
|ī
|î
!/pʰ/
!/pʰ/
|ph
|ph
!/ɪː/
!/ɯ/
|ī
|î
|-
|-
!/b/
!/b/
|b
|b
!/ɪ/
!/ʊ/
|ie, į
|û
!/b/
!/b/
|b
|b
!/ɯ/
!/ɑ/
|iu, į
|â
!/ʙ/
!/ʙ/
|b
|b
!/ɯ/
!/œ/
|iu, į
|ô
|-
|-
!/f/
!/f/
|f
|f
!/ɪː/
!/u/
|īe, į̄
|u
!/ɸ/
!/ɸ/
|f
|f
!/ɯː/
!/u/
|īu, į̄
|u
!/ɸ/
!/ɸ/
|f
|f
!/ɯː/
!/ʊ/
|īu, į̄
|u
|-
|-
!/v/
!/v/
|v
|v
!/ʊ/
!/e/
|uo, ų
|e
!/β/
!/β/
|v
|v
!/ɑ/
!/e/
|ao, ą
|e
!/β/
!/β/
|v
|v
!/œ/
!/ɛ/
|oe, ę
|e
|-
|-
!/w/
!/w/
|w
|w
!/ʊː/
!/ə/
|ūo, ų̄
|ê
!/w/
!/w/
|w
|w
!/ɑː/
!/ɛ/
|āo, ą̄
|ê
!/ʝ/
!/ʝ/
|j
|j
!/œː/
!/ɯ̰̤̃́ːː/
|ōe, ę̄
|û
|-
|-
!/w̃/
!/w̃/
|wǹ
|wǹ
!/u/
!/ʌ/
|u
|ô
!/mʷ/
!/mʷ/
|mů
|mů
!/u/
!/ɤ/
|u
|û
!/ɰ/
!/ɰ/
|w
|w
!/ʊ/
!/ʌ/
|u
|â
|-
|-
!/θ/
!/θ/
|th, þ
|th, þ
!/uː/
!/o/
|ū
|o
!/θ/
!/θ/
|th, þ
|th, þ
!/uː/
!/o/
|ū
|o
!/x/
!/x/
|h
|h
!/ʊː/
!/ə/
|ū
|a'
|-
|-
!/ð/
!/ð/
|d
|d
!/e/
!/a/
|e
|a
!/ð/
!/ð/
|d
|d
!/e/
!/a/
|e
|a
!/ɣ/
!/ɣ/
|gh
|gh
!/ɛ/
!/ɑ/
|e
|a
|-
|-
!/ŋ͡ʇ/
!/ŋ͡ʇ/
|cn
|cn
!/eː/
!/ɑ/
|ē
|â
!/ŋ͡ʇ/
!/ŋ͡ʇ/
|cn
|cn
!/eː/
!/ɔ/
|ē
|ô
!/ŋ͡ǁ/
!/ŋ͡ǁ/
|nj
|nj
!/ɛː/
!/ɔ/
|ē
|ô
|-
|-
!/k͡ʇ/
!/k͡ʇ/
|ct
|ct
!/ə/
!/ɱ̩/
|eo, ę
|ṃ
!/k͡ʇ/
!/k͡ʇ/
|cd
|cd
!/ɛ/
!/m̩/
|ae, ę
|ṃ
!/k͡ǁ/
!/k͡ǁ/
|kj
|kj
! rowspan="2" |/ɯ̰̤̃́ːː/
!/m̩/
| rowspan="2" |ũ
|ṃ
|-
|-
!/n/
!/n/
|n
|n
!/əː/
!/v̩/
|ēo, ę̄
|ṿ
!/n/
!/n/
|n
|n
!/ɛː/
!/β̩/
|āe, ę̄
|ṿ
!/ɳ/
!/ɳ/
|nr
|nr
!/β̩/
|ṿ
|-
|-
!/t/
!/t/
|t
|t
!/ʌ/
!/w̩/
|oe, ǫ
|ẉ
!/t/
!/t/
|t
|t
!/ɤ/
!/w̩/
|eu, ų
|ẉ
!/ɾ/
!/ɾ/
|d
|d
!/ʌ/
!/ʝ̍/
|eo, ą
|ÿ
|-
|-
!/d͡z/
!/d͡z/
|dz
|dz
!/ʌː/
!/w̩̃/
|ōe, ǭ
|ňẉ
!/d͡z/
!/d͡z/
|dz
|dz
!/ɤː/
!/m̩ʷ/
|ēu, ų̄
|ṃů
!/pʼ/
!/pʼ/
|p
|p
!/ʌː/
!/ɰ̍/
|ēo, ą̄
|ẉ
|-
|-
!/s/
!/s/
|s
|s
!/o/
!/ð̩/
|o
|ḍ
!/s/
!/s/
|s
|s
!/o/
!/ð̩/
|o
|ḍ
!/s/
!/s/
|s
|s
!/ə/
!/ɣ̍/
|ea, ų
|gḥ
|-
|-
!/z/
!/z/
|z
|z
!/oː/
!/n̩/
|ō
|ṇ
!/z/
!/z/
|z
|z
!/oː/
!/n̩/
|ō
|ṇ
!/z/
!/z/
|z
|z
!/əː/
!/ɳ̩/
|ēa, ų̄
|ṇ
|-
|-
!/l/
!/l/
|l
|l
!/a/
!/z̩/
|a
|ẓ
!/l/
!/l/
|l
|l
!/a/
!/z̩/
|a
|ẓ
!/ɭ/
!/ɭ/
|l
|l
!/ɑ/
!/z̩/
|a
|ẓ
|-
|-
!/l̃/
!/l̃/
|lǹ
|lǹ
!/aː/
!/l̩/
|ā
|ḷ
!/nʷ/
!/nʷ/
|nů
|nů
!/aː/
!/l̩/
|ā
|ḷ
!/ɽ/
!/ɽ/
|dr
|dr
!/ɑː/
!/ɭ̩/
|ā
|ḷ
|-
|-
!/ɾ/
!/ɾ/
|r
|r
!/ɑ/
!/l̩̃/
|ao, ą
|ňḷ
!/ɾ/
!/ɾ/
|r
|r
!/ɔ/
!/n̩ʷ/
|oa, ǫ
|ṇů
!/r/
!/r/
|rr
|rr
!/ɔ/
!/ɽ̍/
|oa, ǫ
|ḍ
|-
|-
!/ŋ͡ǃ¡/
!/ŋ͡ǃ¡/
|cǹ
|cǹ
!/ɑː/
!/ɾ̩/
|āo, ą̄
|ṛ
!/ŋ͡ǃ¡/
!/ŋ͡ǃ¡/
|kn
|kn
!/ɔː/
!/ɾ̩/
|ōa, ǭ
|ṛ
!/ŋ͡ǃ/
!/ŋ͡ǃ/
|nq
|nq
!/ɔː/
!/r̩/
|ōa, ǫ
|rṛ
|-
|-
!/k͡ǃ¡/
!/k͡ǃ¡/
|cl
|cl
!/ɱ̩/
!/ɲ̩/
|ṃ
|ṇy
!/k͡ǃ¡/
!/k͡ǃ¡/
|kr
|kr
!/m̩/
!/ɲ̩/
|ṃ
|ṇy
!/k͡ǃ/
!/k͡ǃ/
|kq
|kq
!/m̩/
!/ʐ̍/
|ṃ
|ẓr
|-
|-
!/t͡ʃ/
!/t͡ʃ/
|ch, č
|ch, č
!/v̩/
!/ʒ̩/
|ṿ
|ẓh
!/t͡s/
!/t͡s/
|ts
|ts
!/β̩/
!/ʝ̍/
|ṿ
|ÿ
!/t͡s/
!/t͡s/
|ts
|ts
!/β̩/
!/j̍/
|ṿ
|ỵ
|-
|-
!/d͡ʒ/
!/d͡ʒ/
|j
|j
!/w̩/
!/j̍/
|ẉ
|ẏ
!/r/
!/r/
|rr
|rr
!/w̩/
!/j/
|ẉ
|ỵ
!/d͡z/
!/d͡z/
|dz
|dz
!/ʝ̍/
!/ɟ̍/
|ÿ
|ḍj
|-
|-
!/ʃ/
!/ʃ/
|sh, š
|sh, š
!/w̩̃/
!/j̩̃/
|ňẉ
|ňÿ
!/ç/
!/ç/
|ch
|ch
!/m̩ʷ/
!/ɲ̩ʷ/
|ṃů
|ṇẙ
!/ʂ/
!/ʂ/
|sr, š
|sr, š
!/ɰ̍/
!/ɹ̩/
|ẉ
|yṛ
|-
|-
!/ʒ/
!/ʒ/
|zh, ž
|zh, ž
!/ð̩/
!/ŋ̩/
|ḍ
|ṇg
!/ʝ/
!/ʝ/
|j
|j
!/ð̩/
!/ɴ̩/
|ḍ
|ṇg
!/ʐ/
!/ʐ/
|zr, ž
|zr, ž
!/ɣ̍/
!
|gḥ
|
|-
|-
!/ɲ/
!/ɲ/
|ñ
|ñ
!/n̩/
!/ʀ̩/
|ṇ
|ṛr
!/ɲ/
!/ɲ/
|ñ
|ñ
!/n̩/
!/ʀ̩/
|ṇ
|ṛr
!/c/
!/c/
|c
|c
!/ɳ̩/
!
|ṇ
|
|-
|-
!/ʎ̝̊/
!/ʎ̝̊/
|lh, ç
|lh, ç
!/z̩/
!
|ẓ
|
!/ɬ/
!/ɬ/
|lh, ç
|lh, ç
!/z̩/
!
|ẓ
|
!/ʛ/
!/ʛ/
|gg
|gg
!/z̩/
!
|ẓ
|
|-
|-
!/j/
!/j/
|y
|y
!/l̩/
!
|ḷ
|
!/j/
!/j/
|y
|y
!/l̩/
!
|ḷ
|
!/j/
!/j/
|y
|y
!/ɭ̩/
!
|ḷ
|
|-
|-
!/j̃/
!/j̃/
|yǹ
|yǹ
!/l̩̃/
!
|ňḷ
|
!/ɲʷ/
!/ɲʷ/
|nẙ
|nẙ
!/n̩ʷ/
!
|ṇů
|
!/ʂʼ/
!/ʂʼ/
|sz, ŝ
|sz, ŝ
!/ɽ̍/
!
|ḍ
|
|-
|-
!/ŋ͡ǂ/
!/ŋ͡ǂ/
|cñ
|cñ
!/ɾ̩/
!
|ṛ
|
!/ŋ͡ǂ/
!/ŋ͡ǂ/
|kñ
|kñ
!/ɾ̩/
!
|ṛ
|
!/m͡ʞ/
!/m͡ʞ/
|mk
|mk
!/r̩/
!
|rṛ
|
|-
|-
!/k͡ǂ/
!/k͡ǂ/
|cy
|cy
!/ɲ̩/
!
|ṇy
|
!/k͡ǂ/
!/k͡ǂ/
|ky
|ky
!/ɲ̩/
!
|ṇy
|
!/m̥͡ʞ/
!/m̥͡ʞ/
|pk
|pk
Line 915: Line 919:
!/ŋ/
!/ŋ/
|ng
|ng
!/ʒ̩/
!
|ẓh
|
!/ɴ/
!/ɴ/
|ng
|ng
!/ʝ̍/
!
|ÿ
|
!/ɟ/
!/ɟ/
|dj
|dj
!/ʐ̍/
!
|ẓr
|
|-
|-
!/k/
!/k/
|k
|k
!/j̍/
!
|ẏ
|
!/q/
!/q/
|q
|q
!/j/
!
|ỵ
|
!/kʼ/
!/kʼ/
|k
|k
!/j̍/
!
|ỵ
|
|-
|-
!/ɡ/
!/ɡ/
|g
|g
!/j̩̃/
!
|ňÿ
|
!/k͡ʇʰ/
!/k͡ʇʰ/
|ct
|ct
!/ɲ̩ʷ/
!
|ṇẙ
|
!/ɢ/
!/ɢ/
|gr
|gr
Line 954: Line 958:
!/x/
!/x/
|x
|x
!/ŋ̩/
!
|ṇg
|
!/x/
!/x/
|x
|x
!/ɴ̩/
!
|ṇg
|
!/ʃ/
!/ʃ/
|sh, ś
|sh, ś
!/ɟ̍/
!
|ḍj
|
|-
|-
!/ʀ/
!/ʀ/
|rr
|rr
!/ʀ̩/
!
|ṛr
|
!/ʀ/
!/ʀ/
|g
|g
!/ʀ̩/
!
|ṛr
|
!/ɹ/
!/ɹ/
|yr, ŕ
|yr, ŕ
!/ɹ̩/
!
|yṛ
|
|-
|-
!/ʔ/
!/ʔ/
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Iskel"