Nankôre: Difference between revisions
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| tā'itá'|| taman'itá'|| tahorish'itá'|| tahortā'itá'|| tahorô'itá' || tahorpā'itáhi | | tā'itá'|| taman'itá'|| tahorish'itá'|| tahortā'itá'|| tahorô'itá' || tahorpā'itáhi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style=""| | ! style=""| Intransitive Active | ||
| kitá'|| mankitá'|| ishkitá'|| tākitá'|| hôkitá' || pākitáhi | | kitá'|| mankitá'|| ishkitá'|| tākitá'|| hôkitá' || pākitáhi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style=""| | ! style=""| Intransitive Stative | ||
| itá'|| mankitá'|| ishkitá'|| tākitá'|| hôkitá' || pākitáhi | |||
|- | |||
! style=""| Passive | |||
| horkitá'|| horankitá'|| horishkitá'|| hortākitá'|| horôkitá' || horpākitáhi | | horkitá'|| horankitá'|| horishkitá'|| hortākitá'|| horôkitá' || horpākitáhi | ||
|- | |- | ||
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<br/> | <br/> | ||
Nankôre has | Nankôre has fiveintransitive voices, two basic Intransitive voices, one for Active verbs and another for Stative verbs, a Passive, a Reflexive, and a Reciprocal. A submorpheme ''-k-'' is found in all four intransitive voices, although it is lacking in the Present Tense form of the Intransitive Active Form. The Active and Stative Intransitive forms are otherwise identical. | ||
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Detransitive Voices I and II remove one of the core arguments in a transitive clause, thus changing its argument structure by decreasing its valency. The Detransitive I voice removes the core NP argument that has the higher animacy level, and the Detransitive II voice removes the core NP that is lower on the Animacy Heirarchy. The reason that "Passive" and "Antipassive" do not apply is because they are concerned with removing an Agent, in the case of the Passive, or a Patient in the case of the Antipassive. However, it is important to remember that the Agent and Patient roles between the two core arguments of a transitive structure are determined by two factors: their positions in the Animacy Heirarchy with respect to one another, and the presence or absence of the Inverse marker ''ta-'' affix on both the main verb and the auxiliary. | Detransitive Voices I and II remove one of the core arguments in a transitive clause, thus changing its argument structure by decreasing its valency. The Detransitive I voice removes the core NP argument that has the higher animacy level, and the Detransitive II voice removes the core NP that is lower on the Animacy Heirarchy. The reason that "Passive" and "Antipassive" do not apply is because they are concerned with removing an Agent, in the case of the Passive, or a Patient in the case of the Antipassive. However, it is important to remember that the Agent and Patient roles between the two core arguments of a transitive structure are determined by two factors: their positions in the Animacy Heirarchy with respect to one another, and the presence or absence of the Inverse marker ''ta-'' affix on both the main verb and the auxiliary. | ||
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In clause chains, the Detransitive I voice is used to remove the higher animate NP from the argument structure. This allows for the lower animate argument to serve as the pivot for succeeding chains and allows the speaker to apply PRO-drop. The Detransitive II voice, in removing the lower animate argument, ensures that the higher animate NP is retained to serve as the pivot for the succeeding clauses, thus again allowing the speaker to apply PRO-drop without causing ambiguity. If a clause containing a verb in the Detransitive I voice is followed by another clause containing a verb in the Detransitive II voice, or vice versa, the result is similar to languages that use switch-reference to signal which argument is serving the role as Subject. | In clause chains, the Detransitive I voice is used to remove the higher animate NP from the argument structure. This allows for the lower animate argument to serve as the pivot for succeeding chains and allows the speaker to apply PRO-drop. The Detransitive II voice, in removing the lower animate argument, ensures that the higher animate NP is retained to serve as the pivot for the succeeding clauses, thus again allowing the speaker to apply PRO-drop without causing ambiguity. If a clause containing a verb in the Detransitive I voice is followed by another clause containing a verb in the Detransitive II voice, or vice versa, the result is similar to languages that use switch-reference to signal which argument is serving the role as Subject. | ||
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