Nankôre: Difference between revisions

Line 1,119:

These auxiliaries are often confused for adpositions, or relational nouns, but unlike adpositions and locative nouns, these auxiliaries are full-fledged verbs. If inverse marking is required, the prefix ''tā/tāh'' is still prefixed to the auxiliary verb. Likewise, aspect and modality markers are attached to the auxiliary, a process that occurs only with verbs in the language, never with nouns. Moreover, these auxiliaries can stand alone as independent verbs, such as ''Kosmakis Anut yampe itá'' "Anut walked with Koshmak" (''yampe '' = to be arm-in-arm; c.f. ''yanup'' "elbow").

====Temporal Deictic Clitics====

The Temporal Deitic clitics are usually attached to the first word of a sentence, e.g. ''Anut=antak America san-kamuk tā'itá' '', "A year ago, Anut flew to America". In multiclausal sentences, the clause in which they appear have scope over the elements preceding it. At least one, ''=yorai'', cannot appear after the initial clause. These clitics may also be attached to the primary verb, and in the process replace the auxiliary tense affixes of the Direct Voice, as in ''Anut America san-kamuk=inkát itá' '' "Several years ago Anut flew to America" (note that the Temporal Deictic clitic ''=inkát'' has replaced the past tense affix ''tā-'' in ''tā'itá' ''). Compare this with the Direct Voice Distal Past form ''suphitá' '', in ''Anut America san-kamuk suphitá' '', "Anut went to America a while back". Also note that the other verb voices do not lose their tense markers, as in ''Otok erashi ta-karok=inkat ta'itá''' (boy crab INV-eat=several.years.ago INV.PST-COP) "The crab ate the boy."

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"

|-

! Clitic!! Meaning !! Header text

|-

| =yorai || Once upon a time || Example

|-

| =(i)nkát || Several years ago || Example

|-

| =sheyhori || A few years ago || Example

|-

| =(a)ntak ||A year ago || Example

|-

| =(e)kak || Several days ago, last week || Example

|-

| =nate || The day before yesterday || Example

|-

| =kira || Yesterday || Example

|-

| =ho || Earlier this morning || Example

|-

| =tora || Just awhile ago || Example

|-

| =(e)yót || Now || Example

|-

| =(e)nash || Soon || Example

|-

| =k(e)sor || Tomorrow || Example

|-

| =n(i)kos || In the next few days || Example

|-

| =n(a)koy || In the indeterminate future || Example

|-

|}

@@ Line 1,119: / Line 1,119: @@
 These auxiliaries are often confused for adpositions, or relational nouns, but unlike adpositions and locative nouns, these auxiliaries are full-fledged verbs.  If inverse marking is required, the prefix ''tā/tāh'' is still prefixed to the auxiliary verb.  Likewise, aspect and modality markers are attached to the auxiliary, a process that occurs only with verbs in the language, never with nouns.  Moreover, these auxiliaries can stand alone as independent verbs, such as ''Kosmakis Anut yampe itá'' "Anut walked with Koshmak" (''yampe '' = to be arm-in-arm; c.f. ''yanup'' "elbow").
+====Temporal Deictic Clitics====
+The Temporal Deitic clitics are usually attached to the first word of a sentence, e.g. ''Anut=antak America san-kamuk tā'itá' '', "A year ago, Anut flew to America".  In multiclausal sentences, the clause in which they appear have scope over the elements preceding it. At least one, ''=yorai'', cannot appear after the initial clause.  These clitics may also be attached to the primary verb, and in the process replace the auxiliary tense affixes of the Direct Voice, as in ''Anut America san-kamuk=inkát itá' '' "Several years ago Anut flew to America" (note that the Temporal Deictic clitic ''=inkát'' has replaced the past tense affix ''tā-'' in ''tā'itá' ''). Compare this with the Direct Voice Distal Past form ''suphitá' '', in ''Anut America san-kamuk suphitá' '', "Anut went to America a while back".  Also note that the other verb voices do not lose their tense markers, as in ''Otok erashi ta-karok=inkat ta'itá''' (boy crab INV-eat=several.years.ago INV.PST-COP) "The crab ate the boy."
+{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
+|-
+! Clitic!! Meaning !! Header text
+|-
+|  =yorai || Once upon a time || Example
+|-
+|  =(i)nkát || Several years ago  || Example
+|-
+| =sheyhori || A few years ago || Example
+|-
+| =(a)ntak ||A year ago ||  Example
+|-
+|  =(e)kak || Several days ago, last week || Example
+|-
+| =nate || The day before yesterday ||  Example
+|-
+| =kira || Yesterday || Example
+|-
+| =ho || Earlier this morning || Example
+|-
+| =tora || Just awhile ago || Example
+|-
+| =(e)yót || Now || Example
+|-
+| =(e)nash || Soon || Example
+|-
+| =k(e)sor || Tomorrow || Example
+|-
+| =n(i)kos || In the next few days || Example
+|-
+| =n(a)koy || In the indeterminate future || Example
+|-
+|}
 <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->