Western Scots Norse: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|name=Western Scots Norse | |name=Western Scots Norse | ||
|nativename= | |nativename=Veastagharsc | ||
|pronunciation=ˌvɛst. | |pronunciation=ˌvɛst.əːɾsk | ||
|ethnicity=Norse Scots | |ethnicity=Norse Scots | ||
|states=[[w:Outer Hebrides|Siarègh]] | |states=[[w:Outer Hebrides|Siarègh]] | ||
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|creator=[[User:Melinoë|Melinoë]] | |creator=[[User:Melinoë|Melinoë]] | ||
|setting= | |setting= | ||
|dia1= | |dia1=Northwestern | ||
|dia2= | |dia2=Southwestern | ||
|familycolor=Indo-European | |familycolor=Indo-European | ||
|nation=Scotland | |nation=Scotland | ||
|speakers=(L1) | |speakers=(L1) 1,500 | ||
|speakers2=(L2) < 20,000 | |speakers2=(L2) < 20,000 | ||
|date=2020 | |date=2020 | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Western Scots Norse ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''{{ | Western Scots Norse ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''{{l|snon|Veastagharsc}}''; /ˌvɛst.əːɾsk/) is the dialect continuum used throughout {{l|snon|Veastaghar}}, or the Outer Hebrides. It has the heavier influence of the two continuums from [[w:Scots Gaelic|Gàidhlig]], this can be seen largely through vocab. It is one of two main [[w:dialect|dialect]] continuums, the other being [[Eastern Scots Norse]], corresponding to the Inner and Outer Hebrides. Western Scots Norse is further divided into two groups, {{l|snon|Noveastagharsc}} and {{l|snon|Suveastagharsc}}, or ''Northwestern'' and ''Southwestern'' respectively. These too are then further divided into the specific dialects. Under Northwestern is ''Lewis'' and ''Harris'', while Southwestern is split between ''Uist'' and ''Barra''. Within Uist there is also the primary religious dialect, {{l|snon|Hèdhnarsc}}, spoken by the pagans throughout the Outer Hebrides. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
All colloquial western dialects share the following features: | |||
*Old Norse's front round vowels become back vowels, thus words like "systir" become {{ | *Old Norse's front round vowels become back vowels, thus words like "systir" become {{l|snon|siuest}}, as opposed to Eastern {{l|snon|saiast}}. | ||
*The /ɪ/-/ɛ/ merger, always to /ɛ/ when stressed, and slender /ə/ when unstressed. (Slender /ə/ is thus spelt "i", while broad /ə/ is "a"). | *The /ɪ/-/ɛ/ merger, always to /ɛ/ when stressed, and slender /ə/ when unstressed. (Slender /ə/ is thus spelt "i", while broad /ə/ is "a"). | ||
*loss of dental fricatives through merging variably with ⟨s, z⟩ or ⟨(c)h, gh⟩. (Always with ⟨(c)h, gh⟩ when slender) | *loss of dental fricatives through merging variably with ⟨s, z⟩ or ⟨(c)h, gh⟩. (Always with ⟨(c)h, gh⟩ when slender) | ||
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*merger of the R's, /r/ and /ɾ/, to /ɾ/ | *merger of the R's, /r/ and /ɾ/, to /ɾ/ | ||
*Broad A/À rather than the slender A and plain À of Inner dialects. | *Broad A/À rather than the slender A and plain À of Inner dialects. | ||
*no a-e merger, keeping ⟨a⟩ as /ə/, thus words like "hvelpr" and "hvalpa" become {{ | *no a-e merger, keeping ⟨a⟩ as /ə/, thus words like "hvelpr" and "hvalpa" become {{l|snon|velp}} and {{l|snon|valp}}, rather than merging to {{l|snon|valp}} as in Eastern. | ||
*no à > /o/ shift, keeping ⟨à⟩ as /ɑ/. Thus /ˈɑv/ ({{ | *no à > /o/ shift, keeping ⟨à⟩ as /ɑ/. Thus /ˈɑv/ ({{l|snon|àv}}) for Eastern /ˈovʲ/ ({{l|snon|àev}}) | ||
*⟨a⟩ for Old Norse ⟨ǫ⟩, where Inner has ⟨o⟩. | *⟨a⟩ for Old Norse ⟨ǫ⟩, where Inner has ⟨o⟩. | ||
===Novestèghsc=== | ===Novestèghsc=== | ||
Novestèghsc, or Northwestern Scots Norse, is spoken on {{ | Novestèghsc, or Northwestern Scots Norse, is spoken on {{l|snon|Leòdhas 's Hearadh}}, or [[w:Lewis and Harris|Lewis and Harris]]. | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
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===Suvestèghsc=== | ===Suvestèghsc=== | ||
{{ | {{l|snon|Suveastèghsc}}, or Southwestern Scots Norse, is spoken on the islands of {{l|snon|Ìvist 's Baraegh}}, or Uist and Barra. | ||
====Ìvistèghsc==== | ====Ìvistèghsc==== | ||
Ìvistèghsc, or Uist Scots Norse, is spoken on the islands of {{ | Ìvistèghsc, or Uist Scots Norse, is spoken on the islands of {{l|snon|Ìvist}}, or [[w:Uist|Uist]]. | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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:eclipsis | :eclipsis | ||
:'' | :''tàlir'' /ˈtɑ.ʎəɾʲ/ | ||
:'' | :''dàlir'' /ˈdɑ.ʎəɾʲ/ | ||
:'' | :''thàlir'' /ˈxɑ.ʎəɾʲ/ | ||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
(updated | (not updated) | ||
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" | {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" | ||
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{{snon-pronouns}} | {{snon-pronouns}} | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns have been reduced down to a basic singular/plural distinction, with the gender distinction only really maintained when paired with the article | Nouns have been reduced down to a basic singular/plural distinction, with the gender distinction only really maintained when paired with the article {{l|snon|hi}}. | ||
Nouns are categorized under gender and class. There are two genders, being masculine and feminine, and three classes, being radical, lenite, and eclipse. The classes are based on the mutation the singular form causes on the following word. The gender distinction is murky at best, and it has been well observed that it gets confused often, to the point it likely does not hold any actual bearing on the language, rather being more a semantic distinction, see {{lang|snon|{{term|asc}}}} for a word where the gender is often confused. | Nouns are categorized under gender and class. There are two genders, being masculine and feminine, and three classes, being radical, lenite, and eclipse. The classes are based on the mutation the singular form causes on the following word. The gender distinction is murky at best, and it has been well observed that it gets confused often, to the point it likely does not hold any actual bearing on the language, rather being more a semantic distinction, see {{lang|snon|{{term|asc}}}} for a word where the gender is often confused. | ||