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| Nominative/Accusative || lökaṃ || lökäni | | Nominative/Accusative || lökaṃ || lökäni | ||
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| Genitive/Dative || lökaßa || | | Genitive/Dative || lökaßa || lökänaṃ | ||
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| Instrumental/Ablative || lökamhä || lökï | | Instrumental/Ablative || lökamhä || lökï |
Revision as of 12:58, 6 August 2016
Samanasphuore (native name 𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀫𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀪𑀸𑀲𑀸 ßamaṇaßa bhäsä /samanaspʰuorɛ/) is an Indic language spoken all over User:IlL/Lõis's Southeast Asia. It has many unusual features for a modern Indic language:
- preaspirated stops and prestopped nasals, but no retroflex consonants;
- a completely SVO word order;
- a highly conservative nominal morphology and verbal morphology, preserving 5 out of the 8 cases of Sanskrit as well as active and middle paradigms for verbs
It's typically written in either Brāhmī or its own native alphabet, which is a descendant of the Mon script.
Introduction
Phonology
Samanasphuore has 5 vowels: a e i o u, each of which have 4 different forms: short, long, breathy and long breathy. The actual phonetic values of the vowels are as follows:
Vowel | a | e | i | o | u |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Short | a /a/ | e /ɛ/ | i /e/ | o /ɔ/ | u /o/ |
Long | ä /ɛ/ | ë /ɛ/ | ï /ai/ | ö /ɔ/ | ü /au/ |
Breathy | ha /ə/ | he /e/ | hi /i/ | ho /o/ | hu /u/ |
Long breathy | hä /uo/ | hë /əɨ/ | hï /ei/ | hö /əɨ/ | hu /ou/ |
Samanasphuore has the following consonants:
- The velars k, g and ṅ, which are pronounced /k⁼/, /kʰ~gʰ/ and /ŋ/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʰk/, /ʔkʰ/ and /kŋ/ respectively.
- The palatals c, j and ñ, which are pronounced /c⁼/, /cʰ~ɟʰ/ and /ɲ/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʰc/, /ʔcʰ/ and /cɲ/ respectively.
- The cerebrals ṭ, ḍ and ṇ, which are pronounced /t⁼/, /tʰ~dʰ/ and /n/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʰt/, /ʔtʰ/ and /tn/ respectively. Unlike in other Indic languages, the cerebrals can be alveolar or dental.
- The dentals z, d and n, which are pronounced /ts⁼/, /tsʰ~dzʰ/ and /n/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʰts/, /ʔtsʰ/ and /tn/ respectively.
- The labials p, b and m, which are pronounced /p⁼/, /pʰ~bʰ/ and /m/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʰp/, /ʔpʰ/ and /pm/ respectively.
- The liquids y, r, l, and w, pronounced /j/, /r/, /l/ and /w/. When geminated they are pronounced /ç/, /tr/, /tl/ and /kw/ respectively.
- The fricative ß, pronounced /s/.
- An orthographic variant s of the liquid r, also pronounced /r/.
The anusvāra ṁ and visarga ch are used in Samanasphuore. The anusvāra is always pronounced /ŋ/, and the visarga indicates that the final vowel of a word is pronounced (not silent).
Orthography
Consonants
Vowels
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
Samanasphuore has four noun genders: masculine animate, masculine inanimate, feminine animate and feminine inanimate, and five cases: nominative, accusative, genitive/dative, instrumental/ablative and locative.
A sample masculine inanimate noun: lökaṃ (world)
"world" | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative/Accusative | lökaṃ | lökäni |
Genitive/Dative | lökaßa | lökänaṃ |
Instrumental/Ablative | lökamhä | lökï |
Locative | lökasmiṃ | lökäsmiṃ |