Zarḍenlaṇḍs

Modern Hebrew
עברית ngivrith
Pronunciation	[[Help:IPA|ŋivˈriθ]]
Created by	IlL
Setting	Lõis
Language family	Afro-Asiatic Semitic Canaanite Hebrew Modern Hebrew

Zarḍenlaṇḍs (עברית תקנית, [ŋivˈriθ tʰakˈniθ]) is a standardized lect of Modern Hebrew in Lõis. It has undergone major grammatical simplifications from Biblical Hebrew.

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Lateral	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/				ng /ŋ/
Stop	aspirated	p /pʰ/	t /tʰ/				c /kʰ/
	unaspirated		tt /t˭/	ts /ts˭/			cc /k˭/	' /ʔ/
	voiced	b /b/	d /d/				g /g/
Fricative	voiceless	f /f/	th /θ/	s /s/	σ /ɬ/	sj /ʃ/	ch /x/	h /h/
	voiced	v /v/	dh /ð/	z /z/			gh /ɣ/
Resonant				r /r/	l /l/	y /j/	w /w/

Vowels

Vowel	IPA
a	/a/
e	/ɛ/
ey	/ɛɪ/
eo	/ə/
i	/i/
o	/ɔ/
ow	/ɔw/
u	/u/

Morphology

Nouns

The Biblical Hebrew declension system with state, number and possession is mostly preserved. BH's declension system with complex stem changes have been regularized into a system with three principal parts (modulo regular phonetic alterations):

1. the absolute singular,
2. the absolute plural,
3. the construct singular stem (formed by removing any feminine -ath ending).

The definite article ha- is added to any noun phrase even if it would violate traditional construct state rules.

caweov (m.) - 'dog'
Number→ State↓	Singular	Plural
Absolute	caweov	ceowovim
Construct	caweov	cawvey
1sg possessor	cawvi	cawvay
2sg.m possessor	cawvcho	cawváycho
2sg.f possessor	cawvech	cawvaych
3sg.m possessor	cawvow	cawvov
3sg.f possessor	cawvo	cawváyho
1pl possessor	cawvénu	cawváynu
2pl.m possessor	cawvchem	cawveychem
2pl.f possessor	cawvchen	cawveychen
3pl.m possessor	cawvom	cawveyhem
3pl.f possessor	cawvon	cawveyhen

beorocho (f.) - 'greeting, blessing'
Number→ State↓	Singular	Plural
Absolute	beorocho	beorochowth
Construct	bircath	bircowth
1sg possessor	bircothi	bircowthay
2sg.m possessor	bircothcho	bircowtháycho
2sg.f possessor	bircothech	bircowthaych
3sg.m possessor	bircothow	bircowthov
3sg.f possessor	bircotho	bircowtháyho
1pl possessor	bircothénu	bircowtháynu
2pl.m possessor	bircothchem	bircowtheychem
2pl.f possessor	bircothchen	bircowtheychen
3pl.m possessor	bircothom	ceowoveyhem
3pl.f possessor	bircothon	ceowoveyhen

Adjectives

Adjectives have two principal parts as in Biblical Hebrew:

1. the masculine singular,
2. the masculine plural stem (formed by removing -im from the masculine plural).

Pronouns and prepositions

Subject pronouns fuse with tense, voice and negatives:

Present affirmative:

• 1sg, 2sg.m, 2sg.f, 3sg.m, 3sg.f, 1pl, 2pl.m, 2pl.f, 3pl.m, 3pl.f: ni, 'ato, 'at, hu, hi, 'ónu, 'atem, 'aten, heym, heyn

Present negative:

• 1sg, 2sg.m, 2sg.f, 3sg.m, 3sg.f, 1pl, 2pl.m, 2pl.f, 3pl.m, 3pl.f: 'eyni/'eynéni, 'eyncho, 'eyneych, 'eynow, 'eyno, 'eynénu, 'eynchem, 'eynchen, 'eynom, 'eynon

Past imperfect affirmative:

• hoyíthi, hoyítho, hoyith, hoyo, hoytho, hoyínu, hoyíthem, hoyíthen, hoyu

Subjunctive affirmative:

• eye, tiyeto, tiyi, yiye, tiye, niye, tiyu, tiyu, yiyu, tiyéno

The conjugated verb ccah can be used to indicate the passive (similar to cael in Welsh):

• past: ccáhti, ccáhto, ccaht, ccah, cceoho, ccáhnu, ccáhtem, ccáhten, cceohu
• present: cceah ni, cceah 'ato, ...? (should the lowcceah be uninflected?)
• subjunctive: eqqah, tiqqahto, tiqqeohi, yiqqah, tiqqah, ...

An example of a passive sentence:

קחה רות הכאה מכדור שלג.

Cceoho Ruth haco'o mi cadur sjáweogh.

Ruth was hit by a snowball. (< 'Ruth took a hitting from a snowball.')

Verbs

The verb has been drastically simplified, using verbal nouns in lieu of traditional conjugated verbs.

• paal: Peo3iLo
• nifal: hiPPo3Luth
• piel: Pi33ul, Pa33oLo
• hifil: heP3eyL, haP3oLo
• hitpael: hithPa33Luth