Verse:Irta/An Indo-Iranian branch: Difference between revisions
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===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | |||
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} consonants''' | |||
! colspan="2"| | |||
!Labial | |||
!Dental | |||
!Alveolar | |||
!Palatal | |||
!Velar | |||
!Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"|Nasal | |||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
|/m̊/ | |||
|colspan="2"|/n̊/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
|/m/ | |||
|colspan="2"|/n/ | |||
|/ɲ/ | |||
|/ŋ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3"|Stop | |||
! | <small>aspirated</small> | |||
|/pʰ/ | |||
|/tʰ/ | |||
| | |||
|/tɕʰ/ | |||
|/kʰ/ | |||
|rowspan="3"|/ʔ/ | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
|/b/ | |||
|/d/ | |||
| | |||
|/dʑʰ/ | |||
|/g/ | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>tense</small> | |||
|/p˭/ | |||
|/t˭/ | |||
| | |||
|/tɕ˭/ | |||
|[k˭] | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3"|Fricative | |||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
|/f/ | |||
|/θ/ | |||
|/s/ | |||
|/ʃ/ | |||
|/x/ | |||
|rowspan="3"|/h/ | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
|/v/ | |||
|/ð/ | |||
|/z/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>aspirated</small> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|/sʰ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"|Approximant | |||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
|/w̥/ | |||
|/l̥/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
|/w/ | |||
|/l/ | |||
| | |||
|/j/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== |
Revision as of 21:06, 26 October 2016
Irta/An Indo-Iranian branch (d'allemañische sprâçe /d‿almeɲis p˭jɔːs/) is a West Germanic language spoken in Lõis's Germany, Switzerland and Austria.
Numbers: ein, ßwei, drî, feaur, finf, sechs, siben, acht, neun, ßehen /ej, swe, dyi, fœj, fiːf, θeː, θəbu, ajt, nyː, sɛwu/
Indefinite article:
- ein, einß /ej, eːs/ (c.sg., n.sg.)
- de/d', deß, deu /də, dəs, dy/ (c.sg., n.sg., pl.)
Common nouns: -0/-e, -er
- de frau, deu frauer /də fjo, dy fjoji/ 'woman'
- de hrabe, deu hraber /də ʃap, dy ʃabi/ 'raven'
Neuter nouns: -0, -e
- deß çind, deu çinde /də siːʔ, dy siːt/ 'child'
Irregular nouns:
- name, namen /nɔm, nɔmu/ 'name'
Adjectives: predicative -0, attributive -e
- Der ist starc /deː i t˭ajʔ/ 'he is strong'
- ein starce man /ə t˭ɛːk mɔn/ 'a strong man'
"of": u
Cl = /Cw/?
r = /j/; cr, gr = /tɕ, dʑ/; c, g, ch + front vowel = /s, z, s/; ch = /x/
s = /θ/; ß = /s/; sch = /sʰ/
(sc)hm, (sc)hn, (sc)hl, (sc)hr /m̥, n̥, l̥, ʃ/
- hlauß /l̥os/ = lot, fate
a = /a/, â = /aʊ/, âr = /aɪ/, au, aun = /o~oʊ/
e = /ɛ/ (/ə/ in unstressed syllables), ê = /aɪ/, eau, eaun = /ø/
eu = /y/
é, en, én = /e~eɪ/
i = /ə/
î, in = /i/
u, un, an = /ɔ/
û = /u/
Final stops become glottal stops after a vowel, vanish otherwise
Verbs:
Infinitive:
- machen /maxu/
Imperative:
- 2sg: mache /max/
- 2pl: machet /max/
Present tense:
- ich mache /əx max/
- du maches /du max/
- der/deu/eß machet /deː max/
- wir machons /wiː maxu/
- irleu machet /ily max/
- deul machent /dyl max/
Past tense:
- ich ha gemacht /əx hagəmax/
- du has gemacht /du hak˭əmax/
- der/deu/eß hat gemacht /deː hak˭əmax/
- wir hans gemacht /weː hɔŋəmax/
- irleu hat gemacht /ily hak˭əmax/
- deul hant gemacht /dyl hɔŋəmax/
Question marker: ist'ß daß = /it˭a/
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | voiceless | /m̊/ | /n̊/ | ||||
voiced | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /ŋ/ | |||
Stop | aspirated | /pʰ/ | /tʰ/ | /tɕʰ/ | /kʰ/ | /ʔ/ | |
voiced | /b/ | /d/ | /dʑʰ/ | /g/ | |||
tense | /p˭/ | /t˭/ | /tɕ˭/ | [k˭] | |||
Fricative | voiceless | /f/ | /θ/ | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /x/ | /h/ |
voiced | /v/ | /ð/ | /z/ | ||||
aspirated | /sʰ/ | ||||||
Approximant | voiceless | /w̥/ | /l̥/ | ||||
voiced | /w/ | /l/ | /j/ |