Eta-Talmic: Difference between revisions

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Line 4: Line 4:
!  |Labial
!  |Labial
!  |Alveolar
!  |Alveolar
!  |Retroflex
!  |Lateral
!  |Lateral
!  |Retroflex
!  |Velar
!  |Velar
!  |Uvular
!  |Uvular
Line 13: Line 13:
| '''m''' /m/
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
| '''n''' /n/
|  
| [ɳ]
|  
|  
| [ŋ]
| [ŋ]
Line 23: Line 23:
| '''p''' /p/
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''t''' /t/
|  
| [ʈ]
|  
|  
| '''c''' /k/
| '''c''' /k/
Line 32: Line 32:
| '''b''' /b/
| '''b''' /b/
| '''d''' /d/
| '''d''' /d/
|  
| [ɖ]
|  
|  
| '''g''' /g/
| '''g''' /g/
Line 42: Line 42:
| '''f''' /f/
| '''f''' /f/
| '''s''' /s/
| '''s''' /s/
| '''sh''' /ʂ/
| '''ł''' /ɬ/
| '''ł''' /ɬ/
| '''sh''' /ʂ/
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 51: Line 51:
|rowspan="2"| '''v''' /v~w/
|rowspan="2"| '''v''' /v~w/
|  
|  
|rowspan="2"| '''zh''' /ʐ~ɻ/
|  
|  
|rowspan="2"| '''zh''' /ʐ~ɻ/
|  
|  
|rowspan="2"| '''gh''' /ʁ/
|rowspan="2"| '''gh''' /ʁ/

Revision as of 04:23, 4 January 2017

P-Talmic sketch

Labial Alveolar Retroflex Lateral Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ [ɳ] [ŋ] [ɴ]
Plosive voiceless p /p/ t /t/ [ʈ] c /k/ q /q/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ [ɖ] g /g/
Fricative voiceless f /f/ s /s/ sh /ʂ/ ł /ɬ/ h /h/
voiced v /v~w/ zh /ʐ~ɻ/ gh /ʁ/
Resonant r /r/ l /l/

evidentials, quasi-polysynthetic

i i: u u: e e: ə o o: a a: iə eu uə oi iu

i î u û e ê y o ô a â ia eu ua oe iu

Phonology

Consonants

Proto-Talmic reconstructed consonants (Guānitzhūtł)
Labial Alveolar Lateral Palatal Velar Labiovelar Uvular Labiouvular Glottal
Nasal *m *n
Plosive voiceless *t *k *kʷ *q *qʷ
voiced *b *d *g *gʷ
Fricative voiceless *s *h
voiced *ʁʷ
Resonant *r *l *j *w

Vowels

TODO: find plausible intermediates between PQ and Thensarian vowels

a e i o u ə ā ē ī ō ū

Diphthongs:

ai ei oi ui au eu iu ou

Thensarian reflexes

PTal reflexes in bold

  • *a > o > o
  • *ax̌, əx̌, ax̌ʷ > ā > ā
  • *aʔ, əx̌ʷ > ō > ō
  • *ə > e > e
  • *i > i > i
  • *u > u > u
  • *ay > oi > ȳ
  • *əy > ai > ae
  • *iy > ei > ī
  • *uy > ui > ui
  • *iʔ, ix > ī > ī
  • *aw > ou > ao
  • *əw > eu >
  • *iw > iu >
  • *uʔ, ux, uxʷ > ū > ū
  • *uw > ou > ao
  • *Cx̌, Cx̌ʷ > Ca > Ca
  • *Cxʷ > Co > Co
  • *Cx > Cə > Cy
  • *əʔ, əx, ix̌ > ē > ē
  • *ux̌, x̌u > ō > ō
  • *axʷ, ax̌ʷ > au > ao
  • *ixʷ, ix̌ʷ > eu >
  • *ux̌ʷ > ō > ō
  • *iyx̌, iyx̌ʷ >
  • *əyx̌, əyx̌ʷ >
  • *iy(ə)x >