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[[File:Rttirria.png|thumb|right|Flag of Rttirria, where Rttirri is the official language.]] | [[File:Rttirria.png|thumb|right|Flag of Rttirria, where Rttirri is the official language.]] | ||
'''Rttirri''' (natively: [ʈʼiɻiɑpu] ''Rttirri language''; English: /ˈtɪəri/, homophonous with "teary") is the official language of Rttirria, a nation in Southwest Asia that forms a peninsula along the southwestern coast of Myanmar. It is spoken as the native language of 46.5 million Rttirrian citizens, or just under 80% of the nation's total population of 58.2 million. Most other citizens have at least some proficiency in the language. | '''Rttirri''' (natively: [ʈʼiɻiɑpu] ''Rttirri language''; English: /ˈtɪəri/, homophonous with "teary") is the official language of Rttirria, a nation in Southwest Asia that forms a peninsula in the Bay of Bengal, along the southwestern coast of Myanmar. It is spoken as the native language of 46.5 million Rttirrian citizens, or just under 80% of the nation's total population of 58.2 million. Most other citizens have at least some proficiency in the language. | ||
Rttirri is dialectally diverse, with many different accents found across the nation. It uses the Rttirri script, an abugida that evolved from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallava_alphabet Pallava script], which is a Brahmic script. Other Pallava scripts include Thai, Lao, Burmese, and Khmer. However, an English transcription system was codified in the late 19th century, and is used on this page for convenience. | Rttirri is dialectally diverse, with many different accents found across the nation. It uses the Rttirri script, an abugida that evolved from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallava_alphabet Pallava script], which is a Brahmic script. Other Pallava scripts include Thai, Lao, Burmese, and Khmer. However, an English transcription system was codified in the late 19th century, and is used on this page for convenience. | ||
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* Proto-Rttirrian | * Proto-Rttirrian | ||
:* Proto-South-Rttirrian | :* Proto-South-Rttirrian | ||
::* Classical Rttirri | ::* Classical Rttirri | ||
:::* Rttirri | :::* Rttirri | ||
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:* After palatal consonants and in the last syllable of a word, it is raised as far as [e]. | :* After palatal consonants and in the last syllable of a word, it is raised as far as [e]. | ||
* /ø/ lowers to [œ]. | * /ø/ lowers to [œ]. | ||
:* After retroflex consonants and in the last syllable of a word, | :* After retroflex consonants and in the last syllable of a word, it is backed as far as [o]. | ||
* /h/ fronts to [x] before phonetically front vowels, or [χ] before back ones. | * /h/ fronts to [x] before phonetically front vowels, or [χ] before back ones. | ||
* /w/ is realized as [b] in all positions. In loanwords and foreign names, /w/ is often rendered as a full [u] instead, while /b/ is increasingly imported as a fully voiced [b] instead of as [p]. | * /w/ is realized as [b] in all positions. In loanwords and foreign names, /w/ is often rendered as a full [u] instead, while /b/ is increasingly imported as a fully voiced [b] instead of as [p]. | ||
* /j/ becomes a fricative sound, [ʝ]. Likewise, diphthongs containing /i/ become /Vʝ/ or /ʝV/ sequences. This pattern is not usually applied to loanwords. | * /j/ becomes a fricative sound, [ʝ]. Likewise, diphthongs containing /i/ become /Vʝ/ or /ʝV/ sequences. This pattern is not usually applied to loanwords. | ||
* /i/ is backed to [ɨ] after retroflex consonants, and /u/ is fronted and unrounded to [ɨ~ɘ] after palatal consonants - in word roots, but not in affixes. Many scholars argue that there has been a phonemic split and that /ɨ/ is a legitimate vowel in Eastern Rttirri. | * /i/ is backed to [ɨ] after retroflex consonants, and /u/ is fronted and unrounded to [ɨ~ɘ] after palatal consonants - in word roots, but not in affixes, determiners, or certain other function words. Many scholars argue that there has been a phonemic split and that /ɨ/ is a legitimate vowel in Eastern Rttirri. | ||
:* One minimal pair is ''rra-rri'' ("cozy", lit. "home-y") [ɻä'''ɻi'''] vs. ''rrarri'' [ɻä'''ɻɨ'''] ("footprint"). | |||
* Eastern Rttirri shows extensive reduction of unstressed vowels, creating clusters that do not exist in other dialects. | * Eastern Rttirri shows extensive reduction of unstressed vowels, creating clusters that do not exist in other dialects. | ||
* Diphthongs are pronounced more as /VV/ sequences with a hiatus. | * Diphthongs are pronounced more as /VV/ sequences with a hiatus. | ||
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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Compared to verb inflection, noun inflection in Rttirri is fairly simple. | Compared to verb inflection, noun inflection in Rttirri is fairly simple. | ||
Nouns have no grammatical gender, although the affix ''-kasi'' can be optionally used to explicitly "switch" their natural gender. Typically, masculinity is assumed, but there are exceptions. | |||
:''kkai-urri'' | |||
:write-AGENT | |||
:author (male) | |||
:''kkai-urri-'''kasi''''' | |||
:write-AGENT-F | |||
:female author | |||
:''mirna-urri'' | |||
:tend-AGENT | |||
:nurse (female) | |||
:''mirna-urri-'''kasi''''' | |||
:tend-AGENT-M | |||
:male nurse | |||
:''rnu-'''kasi''''' | |||
:man-F | |||
:feminine-acting man | |||
:''pune-'''kasi''''' | |||
:woman-M | |||
:masculine-acting woman | |||
====Possession==== | ====Possession==== | ||
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:'''''na'''-puki'' | :'''''na'''-puki'' | ||
:1SG.GEN-dog | :1SG.GEN-dog | ||
: | :my dog | ||
Rttirri is considered a pro-drop language, but when emphatic pronouns are used, they are formed with ''-ttu'' ("self") in this way. | Rttirri is considered a pro-drop language, but when emphatic pronouns are used, they are formed with ''-ttu'' ("self") in this way. | ||
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:PST-3SG.ABS-run-DRPAC 3SG.GEN-house-PL-DAT red two | :PST-3SG.ABS-run-DRPAC 3SG.GEN-house-PL-DAT red two | ||
:She ran to her two red houses. | :She ran to her two red houses. | ||
==Syntax== | |||
Standard word order is: | |||
:Verb Phrase + Causative Noun Phrase + Ergative Noun Phrase + Absolutive Noun Phrase | |||
Noun phrases are organized like so: | |||
:Noun + Adjectives + Determiners + Relative Clause | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||