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| '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ({{PAGENAME}}: ''An dobhâdhaigh Cuatham'' /an33 dʷaj21 kuəm22/) is a Wiebic language inspired by Irish, Mandarin and Khoisan languages. Cuatham has a large number of click consonants, and is a monosyllabic tonal language with fusional morphology using mutations and tone changes. In-universe, it is written in its own orthography. | | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ({{PAGENAME}}: ''An dobhâdhaigh Cuatham'' /an33 dʷaj21 kuəm22/) is a Wiebic language inspired by Irish, Mandarin and Khoisan languages. Cuatham has a large number of click consonants, and is a monosyllabic tonal language with fusional morphology using mutations and tone changes. |
| ==Lexicon==
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| AW ''Droch'' > ''drobhòdh'' (f.) /gǃ˞ʷó/ 'bud'
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| ==Phonology== | | ==Todo== |
| ===Initials===
| | *''Ŧú Teatham Ŧathaigh'' - capital |
| An unusual feature of {{PAGENAME}} phonology is that historically palatalized stops are reflected as clicks. (Retroflex stops are an exception.)
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| {|class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center"
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| |-
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| |+'''{{PAGENAME}} initials'''
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| !rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
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| !colspan="2" | Labial
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| !colspan="2" | Coronal
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| !colspan="2" | Lateral
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| !colspan="2" | Retroflex
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| !colspan="2" | Coarticulated
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| !colspan="2" | Velar
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| !rowspan="2" | Glottal
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| |-
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| ! <small>"broad"</small>
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| ! <small>"slender"</small>
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| ! <small>"broad"</small>
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| ! <small>"slender"</small>
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| ! <small>"broad"</small>
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| ! <small>"slender"</small>
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| ! <small>"broad"</small>
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| ! <small>"slender"</small>
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| ! <small>"broad"</small>
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| ! <small>"slender"</small>
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| ! <small>"broad"</small>
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| ! <small>"slender"</small>
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2"| Nasal
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| ! <small>voiceless</small>
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| | /m̊/ || /ŋ̊ʘ/
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| | /n̊/ || /ŋ̊ǀ/
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| | /n̊ˡ/ || /ŋ̊ǁ/
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| | /ŋ̊ǃ˞/ || /ɳ̊/
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| | /ŋ̊!/ || /ŋ̊ǂ/
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| | /ŋ̊/ || /ɲ̊/
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| |-
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| ! <small>voiced</small>
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| | /m/ || /ŋʘ/
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| | /n/ || /ŋǀ/
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| | /nˡ/ || /ŋǁ/
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| | /ŋǃ˞/ || /ɳ/
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| | /ŋ!/ || /ŋǂ/
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| | /ŋ/ || /ɲ/
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| |-
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| !rowspan="4" | Stop
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| !<small>tenuis</small>
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| | /p/ || /ʘ/
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| | /t/ || /ǀ/
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| | /tɬ/ || /ǁ/
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| | /ǃ˞/ || /ʈ/
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| | /!/ || /ǂ/
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| | /k/ || /c/
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| | /ʔ/
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| |-
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| !<small>aspirated</small>
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| | /pʰ/ || /ʘʰ/
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| | /tʰ/ || /ǀʰ/
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| | /tɬʰ/ || /ǁʰ/
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| | /ǃ˞ʰ/ || /ʈʰ/
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| | /!ʰ/ || /ǂʰ/
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| | /kʰ/ || /cʰ/
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| |-
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| !<small>voiced</small>
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| | /b/ || /gʘ/
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| | /d/ || /gǀ/
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| | /dɮ/ || /gǁ/
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| | /gǃ˞/ || /ɖ/
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| | /g!/ || /gǂ/
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| | /g/ || /ɟ/
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| |-
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| !<small>breathy voiced</small>
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| | /bʱ/ || /gʘʱ/
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| | /dʱ/ || /gǀʱ/
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| | /dɮʱ/ || /gǁʱ/
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| | /gǃ˞ʱ/ || /ɖʱ/
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| | /g!ʱ/ || /gǂʱ/
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| | /gʱ/ || /ɟʱ/
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2"|Fricative
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| !<small>voiceless</small>
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| | /f/ || /fʲ/
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| | /s/ || /ɕ/
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| | /ɬ/ || /ɬʲ/
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| | /ʂˁ/ || /ʂ/
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| | /ɧ/ || /çˁ/
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| | /x/ || /ç/
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| | /h/
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| |-
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| !<small>voiced</small>
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| | ||
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| | /z/ || /ʑ/
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| | /ɮ/ || /ɮʲ/
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| | /ʐˁ/ || /ʐ/
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| | /ɧ̬/ || /ʝˁ/
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| | /ɣ/ || /ʝ/
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| |-
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| !colspan=2| Approximant
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| | /w/ || /ɥ/
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| | /l/ || /lʲ/
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| | /ɭˁ/ || /ɭ/
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| |colspan="2"| /ɹˁ/
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| | || /j/
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| |}
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| ===Medials===
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| The medial is optional. There is one possible medial, /w~ɥ/.
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| ===Nucleus===
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| There are three possible nuclei: /a/, /ə/ and zero. The nuclei display a range of different realizations depending on the phonetic environment:
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| */a/ is realized as:
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| **/ɑ/ after a broad labialized consonant
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| **/æ/ after a palatal consonant, palatal click or /ɥ/
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| **/a/ otherwise
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| */ə/ is realized as:
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| **/ɔ/ after a broad labialized consonant
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| **/e/ after a palatal consonant, palatal click or /ɥ/, or with /-j/ coda
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| **/ə/ otherwise
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| *Zero nucleus is realized as:
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| **/u/ if the medial is /w/
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| **/y/ if the medial is /ɥ/
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| **/ɨ/ if the medial is zero and initial is a dental click, a retroflex or a broad velar
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| **/i/ if the medial is zero, for other initials
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| ===Coda===
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| The coda is optional. There are six possible finals in {{PAGENAME}}: /m n l r w j/.
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| ===Tones===
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| ===Mutations===
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| <poem>
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| seimhiu
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| /p, ʘ/ > /f(ʲ)/
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| /pʰ, ʘʰ/ > /f(ʲ)/
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| /b, gʘ, m, ŋʘ/ > /w, ɥ/
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| /t, |/ > /h/
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| /d, g|/ > /ɣ, j/
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| /tʰ, |ʰ/ > /h/
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| /!, ǂ, !ʰ, ǂʰ/ > /ɧ, ɧʲ/
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| /g|, gǂ/ > voiced sj
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| /k, c, kʰ, cʰ/ > /x, ç/
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| /g, gʲ/ > /ɣ, j/
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| /s, sʲ/ > /x, ç/
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| uru:
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| /p, ʘ/ > /b gʘ/ > /m, ŋʘ/
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| /pʰ ʘʰ/ > /m̊ ŋ̊ʘ/
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| /t, |/ > /d, g|/ > /n, ŋ|/
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| /tʰ, |ʰ/ > /nʰ, ŋʰ|/
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| /!, ǂ/ > /g!, gǂ/ > /ŋ!, ŋǂ/
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| /!ʰ, ǂʰ/ > /ŋʰ!, ŋʰǂ/
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| /k, c/ >/g, gʲ/ > /ŋ, ŋʲ/
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| /s, sʲ/ > /z, zʲ/ (spelled ns)
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| </poem>
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| ==Grammar==
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| ===Nouns===
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| Nouns inflect for three cases, namely nominative, genitive and vocative.
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| ====Definite article ''an''====
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| {| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style=" text-align: center;"
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| ! style="width: 90px;" | Number
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 200px;" | Singular
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| ! rowspan="2" style="width: 200px;" | Plural
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px;" | Gender
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| ! | Masculine
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| ! | Feminine
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| |-
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| ! Nominative
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| | ''an t...'' || ''an''-L || ''na''-H
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| |-
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| ! Genitive
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| | ''an''-L || ''na''-H || ''na''-N
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| |-
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| ! Vocative
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| | ''a''-L || ''a''-L || ''le t...''
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| |}
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| {| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style=" text-align: center;"
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px;" | Number
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 200px;" | Singular
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| ! rowspan="2" style="width: 200px;" | Plural
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px;" | Gender
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| ! | Masculine
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| ! | Feminine
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| |-
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| ! Nominative
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| | ''an càigh''<br/>''an t-áigh'' || ''an fheól''<br/>''an ìdh'' || ''na hcàigh''<br/>''na háigh''
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| ! Genitive
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| | ''an cháigh''<br/>''an àigh'' || ''na feól''<br/>''na hìdh'' || ''na gcàigh''<br/>''na n-áigh''
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| |-
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| ! Vocative
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| | ''a cháigh''<br/>''a àigh'' || ''a fheól''<br/>''a ìdh'' || ''le càigh''<br/>''le t-áigh''
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| |}
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| ==Lexicon==
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| *bhò-N - from
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| *na-N - ''bhò + an''
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| *''Ŧú Teatham Ŧathaigh''
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| [[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]][[Category:Pfeunic languages]][[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]][[Category:Pseudo-Celtic]] | | [[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]][[Category:Pfeunic languages]][[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]][[Category:Pseudo-Celtic]] |