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Hadda: Difference between revisions
→Verbs
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Tense + aspect: affects stem | Tense + aspect: affects stem | ||
*Future: | *Future: | ||
**Initial velar: | **Initial velar: labialized - e.g. ''gwaa'wa'' "will throw" | ||
**Other: stem vowel becomes ''o'' - e.g. ''moora'' "will lead", ''ħoɗɗa'' "will be/become hadda" | **Other: stem vowel becomes ''o'' - e.g. ''moora'' "will lead", ''ħoɗɗa'' "will be/become hadda" | ||
*Present progressive: Identical to infinitive - e.g. ''gaa'wa'' "is throwing", ''maara'' "is leading", ''ħaɗɗa'' "is hadda" | *Present progressive: Identical to infinitive - e.g. ''gaa'wa'' "is throwing", ''maara'' "is leading", ''ħaɗɗa'' "is hadda" | ||
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**''CaCCa'' verbs become ''CaCaCCa'' - e.g. ''ħaɍaɗɗa'' "regularly becomes hadda" | **''CaCCa'' verbs become ''CaCaCCa'' - e.g. ''ħaɍaɗɗa'' "regularly becomes hadda" | ||
*Simple past: | *Simple past: | ||
**Initial velar: | **Initial velar: labialized + stem vowel becomes ''i'' - e.g. ''gwii'wa'' "threw" | ||
**Other: stem vowel becomes ''u'' - e.g. ''muura'' "lead (past)", ''ħuɗɗa'' "became hadda" | **Other: stem vowel becomes ''u'' - e.g. ''muura'' "lead (past)", ''ħuɗɗa'' "became hadda" | ||
*Past progressive: stem vowel becomes ''i'' (palatalizing initial velars) - e.g. ''jii'wa'' "was throwing", ''miira'' "was leading", ''ħiɗɗa'' "was hadda" | *Past progressive: stem vowel becomes ''i'' (palatalizing initial velars) - e.g. ''jii'wa'' "was throwing", ''miira'' "was leading", ''ħiɗɗa'' "was hadda" | ||
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Secondary verbs can be derived from primary or other secondary verbs. For example: | Secondary verbs can be derived from primary or other secondary verbs. For example: | ||
*Intensive: Formed by reduplicating '' | *Intensive: Formed by reduplicating ''Ca-'' or ''CaCa-'' - e.g. ''gaǥaa'wa'', ''ga'waǥaa'wa'' "is throwing repeatedly/intensely" | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||