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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
→Irregular verbs
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===Irregular verbs=== | ===Irregular verbs=== | ||
Chlouvānem has | Chlouvānem has fourteen major irregular verbs, plus other three with peculiar irregularities. The thirteen major irregular verbs all have different stems in either past and perfect or both; the verb ''gyake'' (to be) is extremely irregular due to suppletion, while ''æflike'' (to plan, to be going to) is a truly defective verb.<br/>The other twelve major suppletive verbs are (regular stems are <small>''in smaller size italic''</small>): | ||
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Note that ''paiṇṣ-'', ''māṃṣ-'', ''paṃšy-'', ''pañc-'', ''papth-'', and ''taiši-'' all use the '''present''' endings instead of the '''past''' ones. | Note that ''paiṇṣ-'', ''māṃṣ-'', ''paṃšy-'', ''pañc-'', ''papth-'', and ''taiši-'' all use the '''present''' endings instead of the '''past''' ones. | ||
''æflike'' (to plan, to be going to) is an unmarked agentive verb, which is only conjugated as agentive, and has an irregular present stem ''æftil-'', with a zero ending for the third person singular. It usually only takes verbs or verbal phrases as arguments, e.g. ''keitu dhāsmike æftil'' "(s)he is going/plans to save the whale".<br/> | |||
Note that the defectiveness does not apply to its derived forms - e.g. ''švæflike'' (to believe): ''švæftilu'' "I am believed", ''šuçayæftilu'' "I believe" - and ''æflike'' itself has regular causative forms (with the meaning of "make X intend to do"). | |||
Three verbs have further irregularities: | Three verbs have further irregularities: | ||