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Hadda (view source)

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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Orthography===
'''Note:''' There is no reason to include Greek and Cyrillic alphabets except my love of writing systems.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
|-
|+Hadda orthography  
|+Hadda orthography  
!IPA !!Latin !! Simplified Latin !! Maraasa !!Arabic !!Ge'ez !!Hebrew !!Notes
!IPA !! Latin !! Simplified Latin !! Greek !! Cyrillic !! Maraasa !! Arabic !! Ge'ez !! Hebrew !!Notes
|-
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|a || A a || A a || || ـَ || አ || סַ ||
|a || A a || A a || || || || ـَ || አ || סַ ||
|-
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|aː || Aa aa || Aa aa || || ـَا || ኣ || סַא ||
|aː || Aa aa || Aa aa || || || || ـَا || ኣ || סַא ||
|-
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|b || B b || B b || || ب || በ || ּב ||
|b || B b || B b || || || || ب || በ || ּב ||
|-
|-
|β̞ || Ƀ ƀ || B b || || ب || ቨ || ב || allophone of /b/ between vowels
|β̞ || Ƀ ƀ || B b || || || || ب || ቨ || ב || allophone of /b/ between vowels
|-
|-
|ɓ || Ɓ ɓ || B' b' || || ڀ || ጰ || קּו ||
|ɓ || Ɓ ɓ || B' b' || || || || ڀ || ጰ || קּו ||
|-
|-
|c || C c || Ch ch || || چ || ቸ || כ׳ ||
|c || C c || Ch ch || || || || چ || ቸ || כ׳ ||
|-
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|d || D d || D d || || د || ደ || ּד ||
|d || D d || D d || || || || د || ደ || ּד ||
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|ð̞ || rowspan="2" | Đ đ || D d || || rowspan="2" | ذ || ደ || ך || allophone of /d/ between vowels
|ð̞ || rowspan="2" | Đ đ || D d || || || || rowspan="2" | ذ || ደ || ך || allophone of /d/ between vowels
|-
|-
|ð || Dh dh || || ዘ, ደ || ךֿ || occurs in loanwords; nativized as /d ~ ð̞/
|ð || Dh dh || || || || ዘ, ደ || ךֿ || occurs in loanwords; nativized as /d ~ ð̞/
|-
|-
|ɗ || Ɗ ɗ || D' d' || || ڟ || ጠ || טּ ||
|ɗ || Ɗ ɗ || D' d' || || || || ڟ || ጠ || טּ ||
|-
|-
|ɛ || E e || E e || || ـٖ || rowspan="2" | ኤ || סֵ ||
|ɛ || E e || E e || || || || ـٖ || rowspan="2" | ኤ || סֵ ||
|-
|-
|ɛː || Ee ee || Ee ee || || ـٖي || סֵי ||
|ɛː || Ee ee || Ee ee || || || || ـٖي || סֵי ||
|-
|-
|f || F f || F f || || ف || ፈ || פ ||
|f || F f || F f || || || || ف || ፈ || פ ||
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|g || G g || G g || || ݣ || ገ || גּ ||
|g || G g || G g || || || || ݣ || ገ || גּ ||
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|ɣ̞ || Ǥ ǥ || G g || || ڠ || ገ || ג || allophone of /g/ between vowels
|ɣ̞ || Ǥ ǥ || G g || || || || ڠ || ገ || ג || allophone of /g/ between vowels
|-
|-
|ʁ || Ɣ ɣ || Gh gh || || غ || ገ || גֿ || occurs in loanwords; nativized as /g ~ ɣ̞/
|ʁ || Ɣ ɣ || Gh gh || || || || غ || ገ || גֿ || occurs in loanwords; nativized as /g ~ ɣ̞/
|-
|-
|ɠ || Ɠ ɠ || G' g' || || ڨ || ቀ || קּ ||
|ɠ || Ɠ ɠ || G' g' || || || || ڨ || ቀ || קּ ||
|-
|-
|gʷ || Gw gw || Gw gw || || ڭو || ጐ || גּו ||
|gʷ || Gw gw || Gw gw || || || || ڭو || ጐ || גּו ||
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|-
|h || H h || H h || || ھ || ኸ, ሀ || ה || allophone of /k/ between vowels in non-guttural environment; <br /> phonemic in loanwords (nativized as /ħ/ or /k ~ h/)
|h || H h || H h || || || || ھ || ኸ, ሀ || ה || allophone of /k/ between vowels in non-guttural environment; <br /> phonemic in loanwords (nativized as /ħ/ or /k ~ h/)
|-
|-
|hʷ || Hw hw || Hw hw || || هو || ዀ || הו || allophone of /kʷ/ between vowels in non-guttural environment
|hʷ || Hw hw || Hw hw || || || || هو || ዀ || הו || allophone of /kʷ/ between vowels in non-guttural environment
|-
|-
|ħ || Ħ ħ || X x || || ح || ሐ || ח ||
|ħ || Ħ ħ || X x || || || || ح || ሐ || ח ||
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|-
|χ || X x || Kh kh || || خ || ኀ || כֿ || occurs in loanwords; nativized as /k ~ h/ or /ħ/
|χ || X x || Kh kh || || || || خ || ኀ || כֿ || occurs in loanwords; nativized as /k ~ h/ or /ħ/
|-
|-
|i || I i || I i || || ـِ || rowspan="2" | ኢ || סִ ||  
|i || I i || I i || || || || ـِ || rowspan="2" | ኢ || סִ ||  
|-
|-
|iː || Ii ii || Ii ii || || ـِي || סִי ||
|iː || Ii ii || Ii ii || || || || ـِي || סִי ||
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|ɟ || J j || J j || || ج || ጀ || גּ׳ ||
|ɟ || J j || J j || || || || ج || ጀ || גּ׳ ||
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|ʄ || Ɉ ɉ || J' j' || || ݘ || ጨ || קּ׳ ||
|ʄ || Ɉ ɉ || J' j' || || || || ݘ || ጨ || קּ׳ ||
|-
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|k || K k || K k || || ک || ከ || כ ||
|k || K k || K k || || || || ک || ከ || כ ||
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|kʷ || Kw kw || Kw kw || || کو || ኰ || כו ||
|kʷ || Kw kw || Kw kw || || || || کو || ኰ || כו ||
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|l || L l || L l || || ل || ለ || ל ||
|l || L l || L l || || || || ل || ለ || ל ||
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|-
|m || M m || M m || || م || መ || מ ||
|m || M m || M m || || || || م || መ || מ ||
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|n || N n || N n || || ن || ነ || נ || ֹ
|n || N n || N n || || || || ن || ነ || נ || ֹ
|-
|-
|ɲ || Ɲ ɲ || Ny ny || || ݧ || ኘ || נ׳ ||
|ɲ || Ɲ ɲ || Ny ny || || || || ݧ || ኘ || נ׳ ||
|-
|-
|ŋ || Ŋ ŋ || Ng ng || || ݢ || ጘ || נ״ ||
|ŋ || Ŋ ŋ || Ng ng || || || || ݢ || ጘ || נ״ ||
|-
|-
|ŋʷ || Ŋw ŋw || Ngw ngw || || ڬو || ⶓ || נ״ו ||
|ŋʷ || Ŋw ŋw || Ngw ngw || || || || ڬو || ⶓ || נ״ו ||
|-
|-
|ɔ || O o || O o || || ـٗ || rowspan="2" | ኦ || סֹ ||  
|ɔ || O o || O o || || || || ـٗ || rowspan="2" | ኦ || סֹ ||  
|-
|-
|ɔː || O o || O o || || ـٗو || סוֹ ||
|ɔː || O o || O o || || || || ـٗو || סוֹ ||
|-
|-
|p || P p || P p || || پ || ፐ || פּ || occurs in loanwords; nativized as /f/ or /b/
|p || P p || P p || || || || پ || ፐ || פּ || occurs in loanwords; nativized as /f/ or /b/
|-
|-
|q || Q q || Q q || || ق || ቀ || קּ || occurs in loanwords; nativized as /ɠ ~ ʔ/ or /k/
|q || Q q || Q q || || || || ق || ቀ || קּ || occurs in loanwords; nativized as /ɠ ~ ʔ/ or /k/
|-
|-
|ʔ || Ɂ ɂ || ' || || ٯٔ ، ء || ቐ || ק || allophone of /ɠ/ between vowels
|ʔ || Ɂ ɂ || ' || || || || ٯٔ ، ء || ቐ || ק || allophone of /ɠ/ between vowels
|-
|-
|ʕ || Ҁ ҁ || C c || || ع || ዐ || ע ||
|ʕ || Ҁ ҁ || C c || || || || ع || ዐ || ע ||
|-
|-
|ɾ || R r || R r || || ر || ረ || ר || allophone of /l/ between vowels; <br /> occurs phonemically in loanwords (nativized as /l ~ ɾ/)
|ɾ || R r || R r || || || || ر || ረ || ר || allophone of /l/ between vowels; <br /> occurs phonemically in loanwords (nativized as /l ~ ɾ/)
|-
|-
|rˀ || Ɍ ɍ || R' r' || || ݬ || [ጠ] || ט || allophone of /ɗ/ between vowels
|rˀ || Ɍ ɍ || R' r' || || || || ݬ || [ጠ] || ט || allophone of /ɗ/ between vowels
|-
|-
|s || S s || S s || || س || ሰ || ס ||
|s || S s || S s || || || || س || ሰ || ס ||
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|-
|ʃ || Σ ʃ || Sh sh || || ش || ሸ || ש || allophone of /c/ between vowels; <br /> phonemic in loanwords (nativized as /c ~ ʃ/ or /s/)
|ʃ || Σ ʃ || Sh sh || || || || ش || ሸ || ש || allophone of /c/ between vowels; <br /> phonemic in loanwords (nativized as /c ~ ʃ/ or /s/)
|-
|-
|t || T t || T t || || ت  || ተ || ת ||
|t || T t || T t || || || || ت  || ተ || ת ||
|-
|-
|θ || Ŧ ŧ || Th th || || ث || ሠ || תֿ || occurs in loanwords; nativized as /t/ or /s/
|θ || Ŧ ŧ || Th th || || || || ث || ሠ || תֿ || occurs in loanwords; nativized as /t/ or /s/
|-
|-
|u || U u || U u || || ـُ || rowspan="2" | ኡ || סֻ ||
|u || U u || U u || || || || ـُ || rowspan="2" | ኡ || סֻ ||
|-
|-
|uː || Uu uu || Uu uu || || ـُو || סוּ ||
|uː || Uu uu || Uu uu || || || || ـُو || סוּ ||
|-
|-
|v || V v || V v || || ۋ || ቨ || בֿ || occurs in loanwords; nativized as /b ~ β̞ /, /f/, or /w/
|v || V v || V v || || || || ۋ || ቨ || בֿ || occurs in loanwords; nativized as /b ~ β̞ /, /f/, or /w/
|-
|-
|w || W w || W w || || و || ወ || ו || allophone of /gʷ/ between vowels; phonemic word-initially
|w || W w || W w || || || || و || ወ || ו || allophone of /gʷ/ between vowels; phonemic word-initially
|-
|-
|ʔʷ || Ⱳ ⱳ || 'W 'w || || ؤ || ቘ || קו || allophone of /ɓ/ between vowels
|ʔʷ || Ⱳ ⱳ || 'W 'w || || || || ؤ || ቘ || קו || allophone of /ɓ/ between vowels
|-
|-
|j || Y y || Y y || || ي || የ || י || allophone of /ɟ/ between vowels; phonemic word-initially
|j || Y y || Y y || || || || ي || የ || י || allophone of /ɟ/ between vowels; phonemic word-initially
|-
|-
|ʔʲ || Ƴ ƴ || 'Y 'y || || ئ || [ጨ] || ק׳ || allophone of /ʄ/ between vowels
|ʔʲ || Ƴ ƴ || 'Y 'y || || || || ئ || [ጨ] || ק׳ || allophone of /ʄ/ between vowels
|-
|-
|z || Z z || Z z || || ز || ዘ || ז || occurs in loanwords; nativized as /s/ or /d ~ ð̞/  
|z || Z z || Z z || || || || ز || ዘ || ז || occurs in loanwords; nativized as /s/ or /d ~ ð̞/  
|-
|-
|ʒ || Ʒ ʒ || Zh zh || || ژ || ዠ || ז׳ || occurs rarely in loanwords; <br /> nativized as /ɟ ~ j/ (initially) or /c ~ ʃ/ (between vowels)
|ʒ || Ʒ ʒ || Zh zh || || || || ژ || ዠ || ז׳ || occurs rarely in loanwords; <br /> nativized as /ɟ ~ j/ (initially) or /c ~ ʃ/ (between vowels)
|}
|}


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