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*Passive: ''-la-'' e.g. ''laǥaɓɓan'' "is thrown" | *Passive: ''-la-'' e.g. ''laǥaɓɓan'' "is thrown" | ||
**Indicates that the action is performed on the subject. The patient takes the nominative and the agent takes the instrumental. | **Indicates that the action is performed on the subject. The patient takes the nominative and the agent takes the instrumental. | ||
*Middle: ''-ma-'' e.g. ''maǥaɓɓan'' "gets thrown" | *Middle: ''-ma-'' e.g. ''maǥaɓɓan'' "gets thrown" | ||
**Indicates that an action affects the subject, without indicating the cause of the change. | **Indicates that an action affects the subject, without indicating the cause of the change. | ||
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