Linguifex

Minhast: Difference between revisions

← Older editNewer edit →
VisualWikitext
Anyar (talk | contribs)
5,525 edits
m Added scope information
Anyar (talk | contribs)
5,525 edits
Replaced blockquote with new glossing template. Still need to fix up the Circumstantial clause stuff for non-coreferrent clauses
Line 2,540: Line 2,540:
* Circumstantial/Simultaneous ("While")
* Circumstantial/Simultaneous ("While")


Circumstantial clauses, also known as Simultaneous clauses or Concurrent clauses, involve a clause chain of at least two separate clauses where the events, actions, or states of the verbs involved occur at the same moment.  According to the Minhast Language Academy, which oversees the standardization of Modern Standard Minhast, the clauses that make up the Circumstantial clause require that the first clause is followed by another clause marked with a Preposed-''wa'' construction, consisting of the particle ''šian'' + ''wa='' + the following clause containing the simultaneous event or state.  This structure is governed by the S/O pivot, so if 3rd person arguments with the same gender and number serve as core arguments for both clauses but are ''not'' co-referent and context cannot disambiguate the roles of the core arguments, the latter clause must explicitly indicate that, either by mentioning the core arguments by name or by a proxy noun.  Only if context allows disambiguation can the non-coreferent arguments may be dropped.
Circumstantial clauses, also known as Simultaneous clauses or Concurrent clauses, involve a clause chain of at least two separate clauses where the events, actions, or states of the verbs involved occur at the same moment.  According to the Minhast Language Academy, which oversees the standardization of Modern Standard Minhast, the clauses that make up the Circumstantial clause require that the first clause is followed by another clause marked with a Preposed-''wa'' construction, consisting of the particle ''šian'' + ''wa='' + the following clause containing the simultaneous event or state which is also marked with the Preposed  ''šian'' + ''wa='' structure.   


However, outside MSM this structure is found only in the Stone Speaker dialect, which the Minhast Language Academy incorporated in formulating the standardized language. The urban City Speaker dialect adopted this structure, presumably to distinguish themselves from the Speakers of the other Prefectures. The structure that predominates throughout the rest of the country involves a nominalization of the clause containing non-coreferent arguments as the O-argument, while the verb of the focus clause (the clause containing the principal core argument of the entire discourse unit<sup>7</sup>) is marked with the Resultative ''-dur-/-dūr-'' suffix, and precedes any ''-mā''-type subordinator. The verb of the focus verb must also be transitivized by the Comitative Applicative ''-kan-''.  This allows the O-argument of the nominalized clause to be coreferrent with the derived O-argument of the focus clause.
{{Gloss
|phrase = Šian wakkaħtisartahipnarabammā, šian wakkaniħtaškallutarampi
|IPA =
| morphemes = Šian wa=kaħt-sar-tahipna-ar-ab-an-mā, šian  wa=ħtaš-kallut-ar-an-pi
| gloss = CIRC CONN=INVERSE.VOL-see-box-PST-IMPF-INTRANS-SUBORD CIRC CONN=DUR-eat-PST-INTRANS-ANTI
| translation = While he watched tv,  he ate.
}}


<BLOCKQUOTE>
This structure is governed by the S/O pivot, so if 3rd person arguments with the same gender and number serve as core arguments for both clauses but are ''not'' co-referent and context cannot disambiguate the roles of the core arguments, the latter clause must explicitly indicate that, either by mentioning the core arguments by name or by a proxy noun.  Only if context allows disambiguation can the non-coreferent arguments may be dropped.
''Kaħtisartahipnarabanaft, kaniħtaškallutarudūr.''
''Kaħt-sar-tahipna-ra-ba-an-naft, kan-ħtaš-kallut-ar-u-dūr''


INVERSE.VOL-see-box-PST-IMPF-INTRANS-NMLZ COMM.APPL-DUR-eat-PST-TRANS-RSLT
However, outside MSM this structure is found only in the Stone Speaker dialect, which the Minhast Language Academy incorporated in formulating the standardized language. The urban City Speaker dialect adopted this structure, presumably to distinguish themselves from the Speakers of the other Prefectures.


"The one (non-focus) who was watching tv, with him he (focus) ate as a result.  
The structure that predominates throughout the rest of the country involves a nominalization of the clause containing non-coreferent arguments as the O-argument, while the verb of the focus clause (the clause containing the principal core argument of the entire discourse unit<sup>7</sup>) is marked with the Resultative ''-dur-/-dūr-'' suffix, and precedes any ''-mā''-type subordinator.  The verb of the focus verb must also be transitivized by the Comitative Applicative ''-kan-''.  This allows the O-argument of the nominalized clause to be coreferrent with the derived O-argument of the focus clause.


"While he watched tv, he ate.
{{Gloss
|phrase = Kaħtisartahipnarabanaft, kaniħtaškallutarudūr
|IPA =
| morphemes = Kaħt-sar-tahipna-ar-ab-an-naft, kan-ħtaš-kallut-ar-u-dūr
| gloss = INVERSE.VOL-see-box-PST-IMPF-INTRANS-NMLZ COMM.APPL-DUR-eat-PST-TRANS-RSLT
| translation = While he watched tv, the other one ate. ''(lit. "The one who was watching tv, with him the other one ate as a result")'
}}


</BLOCKQUOTE>


<small><sup>7</sup>''A '' discourse unit is ''defined as a series of contiguous sentences where a clearly identifiable Subject is coreferential across all clauses in the sentence series.''</small>
<small><sup>7</sup>''A '' discourse unit is ''defined as a series of contiguous sentences where a clearly identifiable Subject is coreferential across all clauses in the sentence series.''</small>
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Minhast"