Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions

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* ''ñailūh'' (ice) → ''tæñailūgyake'' (to freeze) (note the ''tæ-'' dynamic prefix).

The other basic derived formation is the frequentative verb, formed with reduplication (with ~~one coda consonant and basic~~ vowel) ~~with diachronic lengthening~~ and '''-ve(y)-''' (''-vi(y)-'' in the past tense<ref>Ex.: ''~~dadarveyute~~'' "I repetitively do" vs. ''~~dadarviyaute~~'' "I repetitively did"</ref>).<br/>Due to the common use of this form in modern Chlouvānem, some grammarians consider it as an inflectional category instead of a derivation. Note though that ~~this does not apply~~ for motion verbs~~, as the~~ multidirectional ones ~~are~~ already ~~understood to be~~ frequentative.

The other basic derived formation is the frequentative verb, formed with reduplication (with a long vowel) and '''-ve(y)-''' (''-vi(y)-'' in the past tense<ref>Ex.: ''dṝdaveyute'' "I repetitively do" vs. ''dṝdaviyaute'' "I repetitively did"</ref>). ''-ṛ'' reduplicates as ''ṝ'', but becomes ''a'' in the root.<br/>Due to the common use of this form in modern Chlouvānem, some grammarians consider it as an inflectional category instead of a derivation. Note though that for motion verbs only multidirectional ones have a frequentative form (with iterative meaning); the multidirectionals already act as frequentative forms of the monodirectionals.

* ''dṛ-'' (to do) → ''~~dadarve~~-'' (to repetitively do)

* ''dṛ-'' (to do) → ''dṝdave-'' (to repetitively do)

* ''na-gya-'' (to happen) → ''~~nagijave~~-'' (to keep happening; to regularly happen, to occur)<ref>The verb "to happen" does not exist as an iterative.</ref>

* ''na-gya-'' (to happen) → ''nagājave-'' (to keep happening; to regularly happen, to occur)<ref>The verb "to happen" does not exist as an iterative.</ref> (''gya-'' reduplicates as ''gi-ja-'', with the ''i'' from the root ''y'').

* ''-gya-'' (to be) + various prefixes → ''bīgijave-'' (to cease to be); ''galagijave-'' (to remain in one place; to visit; to keep being)

* ''tvorg-'' (to fear) → ''~~tvartveirgve~~-'' (to fear over and over again)

* ''tvorg-'' (to fear) → ''totvargve-'' (to fear over and over again) (''tvo-'' reduplicates as ''to-'' instead of ''tva-'').

* ''låvy-'' (to slip) → ''laulavive-'' (to slip around here and there) (''-å-'' reduplicates as ''-au-'' and becomes ''a'' in the root).

Note that ''nairīveke'' conjugates as a frequentative verb, but is not frequentative and does not have frequentative forms.<br/>

Frequentative perfect stems have the ablauted vowel in the reduplication and a long one in the root (cf. ''miš-'', bare frequentative ''mīmišve-'', perfect frequentative ''memīšve-''); both vowels are long for non-ablauted stems (cf. ''nāmv-'', ''nānamve-'', ''nānāmve-'').<br/>

Inverse ablauting roots have similar rules: the bare frequentative uses the reduplication of the nonreduced root and the reduced vowel in the root itself (''vald-'' → va-uld-ve- → ''voldve-''); the frequentative perfect is like the normal frequentative of other verbs, with the long vowel in the reduplication only (''vald-'' → ''vāvaldve-'').

====Adjectival verbs====

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 * ''ñailūh'' (ice) → ''tæñailūgyake'' (to freeze) (note the ''tæ-'' dynamic prefix).
-The other basic derived formation is the frequentative verb, formed with reduplication (with one coda consonant and basic vowel) with diachronic lengthening and '''-ve(y)-''' (''-vi(y)-'' in the past tense<ref>Ex.: ''dadarveyute'' "I repetitively do" vs. ''dadarviyaute'' "I repetitively did"</ref>).<br/>Due to the common use of this form in modern Chlouvānem, some grammarians consider it as an inflectional category instead of a derivation. Note though that this does not apply for motion verbs, as the multidirectional ones are already understood to be frequentative.
+The other basic derived formation is the frequentative verb, formed with reduplication (with a long vowel) and '''-ve(y)-''' (''-vi(y)-'' in the past tense<ref>Ex.: ''dṝdaveyute'' "I repetitively do" vs. ''dṝdaviyaute'' "I repetitively did"</ref>). ''-ṛ'' reduplicates as ''ṝ'', but becomes ''a'' in the root.<br/>Due to the common use of this form in modern Chlouvānem, some grammarians consider it as an inflectional category instead of a derivation. Note though that for motion verbs only multidirectional ones have a frequentative form (with iterative meaning); the multidirectionals already act as frequentative forms of the monodirectionals.
-* ''dṛ-'' (to do) → ''dadarve-'' (to repetitively do)
+* ''dṛ-'' (to do) → ''dṝdave-'' (to repetitively do)
-* ''na-gya-'' (to happen) → ''nagijave-'' (to keep happening; to regularly happen, to occur)<ref>The verb "to happen" does not exist as an iterative.</ref>
+* ''na-gya-'' (to happen) → ''nagājave-'' (to keep happening; to regularly happen, to occur)<ref>The verb "to happen" does not exist as an iterative.</ref> (''gya-'' reduplicates as ''gi-ja-'', with the ''i'' from the root ''y'').
 * ''-gya-'' (to be) + various prefixes → ''bīgijave-'' (to cease to be); ''galagijave-'' (to remain in one place; to visit; to keep being)
-* ''tvorg-'' (to fear) → ''tvartveirgve-'' (to fear over and over again)
+* ''tvorg-'' (to fear) → ''totvargve-'' (to fear over and over again) (''tvo-'' reduplicates as ''to-'' instead of ''tva-'').
+* ''låvy-'' (to slip) → ''laulavive-'' (to slip around here and there) (''-å-'' reduplicates as ''-au-'' and becomes ''a'' in the root).
+Note that ''nairīveke'' conjugates as a frequentative verb, but is not frequentative and does not have frequentative forms.<br/>
+Frequentative perfect stems have the ablauted vowel in the reduplication and a long one in the root (cf. ''miš-'', bare frequentative ''mīmišve-'', perfect frequentative ''memīšve-''); both vowels are long for non-ablauted stems (cf. ''nāmv-'', ''nānamve-'', ''nānāmve-'').<br/>
+Inverse ablauting roots have similar rules: the bare frequentative uses the reduplication of the nonreduced root and the reduced vowel in the root itself (''vald-'' → va-uld-ve- → ''voldve-''); the frequentative perfect is like the normal frequentative of other verbs, with the long vowel in the reduplication only (''vald-'' → ''vāvaldve-'').
 ====Adjectival verbs====