'Ináwah

'Ináwah
'Ináwah
Pronunciation	[[Help:IPA|ʔi.ˈná.wah]]
Created by	iancgil
Language family	'Ináwah

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Dental	Alveolar	Post Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	p b	t d				k g	ʔ
Nasal	m	n
Fricative			s z	ʃ		ɣ	h
Lateral Fricative		ɬ
Approximant					j
Lateral Approximant		l
Affricate		tɬ dɮ

Vowels

>>>

	Front	Back	Diphthongs
Close	i	u	uj
Close-Mid	e		ej
Open	a		aj

Tones

'Ináwah technically only has two tones (high and neutral), but adjacent, identical vowels with contrasting tones may produce rising or falling tones with long vowel length in lax speech. A high tone is the marked tone and is denoted in romanization by an acute acent above the vowel and by a bar in native orthography.

Phonotactics

Allowed Syllables

• CV(h,j)
• ʔ(syllabic nasal)

Phonological Rules

• nasal > ʔ + syllabic / $_$
• j > i / V_$
• g > ɣ / V$_

Stress

• High tones always get primary stress.
• If there is a word with all identical tones, the ultimate syllable receives primary stress.
• In the event that there are varying tones, the last high tone receives the primary stress.

Orthography

Romanization

Most sounds are represented with the IPA equivalent except for a few mentioned here.

IPA	Romanization
ʔ	'
ɬ	lh
tɬ	tl
dɮ	dl
j	y

Other Orthographies

• Tlatá Logography
• Súdu Syllabary

Morphology

Verbs

Structure of the Verb

(negation)+(nominal prefix)+[stem]+(tense)+(mood)

Pronominal Prefixes

First Person

Number	Prefix	'Ináwah Example	English
Singular	pe-	pemu	I walk.
Dual Inclusive	peyé-	peyému	We both walk.
Dual Exclusive	'ipeyé-	'ipeyému	We both walk, but not you.
Plural Inclusive	té-	tému	We all walk.
Plural Exclusive	'ité-	'itému	We all walk, but not you.

Second Person

Number	Prefix	'Ináwah Example	English
Singular	wa-	wamu	You walk.
Dual	wayé-	wayému	You both walk.
Plural	'iwa-	'iwamu	You all walk.

Third Person

Number	Prefix	'Ináwah Example	English
Singular	ma-	mamu	He, she, it walks.
Dual	mayé-	mayému	They both walk.
Plural	'ima-	'imamu	They all walk.

Tense

Tense	Suffix	'Ináwah Example	English
Present	n/a	pemu	I walk.
Imperfect	-shú	pemushú	I was walking/I would walk.
Simple Past	-she	pemushe	I walked/I had walked.
Progressive	-weh	pemuweh	I am walking.
Near Future	-hu	pemuhu	I am about to walk.
Future	-tlí	pemutlí	I will walk.

Negation

Negation	Prefix	'Ináwah Example	English
Simple Negation	ba-	bakemu	I don't walk.
Double Negation	'úba-, ba'úba-, 'úba'úba-, …	'úbakemu	I don't not walk.
Intensified Negation	ba+ba-, …	babakemu	I definitely don't walk.

Mood and Mode

Mood/Mode	Suffix	'Ináwah Example	English
Indicative	n/a	wamu	You walk.
Interrogative	-su	wamushesu	Did you walk?
Imperative	-'alé	wamu'alé	(You) walk.
Jussive	-sú'é	'imamusú'é	They should walk.
Potential	-bu	pemubu	I could walk.
Hypothetical	-wi	wamushewi	You could have walked. (it was possible)
Possibility	-ga	wamuga	You might walk.
Opative	-'ubá	wamu'ubá	You want/wish to walk.

Nouns

Structure

(nominal prefix)+[stem]+(derivational morpheme)+(case suffix)

Pronouns

'Ináwah pronouns are formed by using pronominal prefixes attached to the noun "be" meaning "person" or "self".

First Person

Number	Prefix	'Ináwah Example	English
Singular	pe-	pebe	I
Dual Inclusive	peyé-	peyébe	We both
Dual Exclusive	'ipeyé-	'ipeyébe	We both, but not you
Plural Inclusive	té-	tébe	We all
Plural Exclusive	'ité-	'itébe	We all, but not you

Second Person

Number	Prefix	'Ináwah Example	English
Singular	wa-	wabe	You
Dual	wayé-	wayébe	You both
Plural	'iwa-	'iwabe	You all

Third Person

Number	Prefix	'Ináwah Example	English
Singular	ma-	mabe	He, she, it
Dual	mayé-	mayébe	They both
Plural	'ima-	'imabe	They all

Syntax

Word Order

SOV

Noun Phrase

• Noun + Postposition
• Noun + Adjective Phrase