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===Secondary moods: evidentiality===
===Secondary moods: evidentiality===
The four secondary moods expressing evidentiality are formed in two different ways. One of them has a special set of endings, while the other three add a morpheme to the verb. They are only used in the indicative, desiderative, necessitative, permissive, and potential moods, plus in first person imperatives.
The four secondary moods expressing evidentiality are all similarly formed, but with different stem additions. All of them are, historically, the result of grammaticalization of different verbs to the Proto-Lahob second infinitive in *-on, explaining why they are formed by adding ''-an'' to the verb stem and then another particle.<br/>Note that the third person singular has a -∅ ending in the present exterior in all four evidentials.


The ''visual evidential'' is made by adding '''-mī''' at the end of the verb, e.g. ''yąlėmī'' "it is [being] eaten (I see it)", ''yąlegdemī'' "(s)he eats (I see it)". The ending is actually a worn down version of ''mešė'', meaning "it is seen".
The ''visual evidential'' is made by adding '''-ansen-''' at the end of the verb, then conjugating it as a root verb (with -∅ for 3SG present exterior). e.g. ''yųlansen'' "it is [being] eaten (I see it)"; ''yųlansenīran'' "they are [being] eaten (I see it)"; ''yųlansente'' "(s)he eats (I see it)".


The ''first inferential'', which refers to any non-visual inference that is probably true (often translatable with "apparently", "looks like"), is formed by special endings, which replace the normal ones (example with ''pūnake'' "to work"):
The ''first inferential'', which refers to any non-visual inference that is probably true (often translatable with "apparently", "looks like"), is formed by adding '''-aneru(n)''' to the end of the verb. Note that 1SG present exterior does not add the epenthetic ''n'' but contracts ''-u-u'' to a long vowel instead. e.g.''yųlaneru'' "it is apparently being eaten"; ''yųlanerū'' "I am apparently eaten". Note that interior forms have ''-erir'' instead of *-erunir - cf. ''dældanerire'' "(s)he apparently speaks"; similarly causatives have ''-erild'' instead of *-erunild - cf. ''mišanerildegde'' "(s)he apparently shows".
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | !! colspan=4 | First inferential endings
|-
! Present !! Past !! Perfect !! Future
|-
! rowspan=3 | Sing. !! 1st
| pūn'''uvam''' || pūn'''uvattu''' || upūn'''itenam''' || pūn'''iṣuvam'''
|-
! 2nd
| pūn'''uvas''' || pūn'''uvatte''' || upūn'''itenis''' || pūn'''iṣuvas'''
|-
! 3rd
| pūn'''uva''' || pūn'''ekvan''' || upūn'''itena''' || pūn'''iṣuva'''
|-
! rowspan=3 | Dual !! 1st
| pūn'''uvou''' || pūn'''uvera''' || upūn'''iteira''' || pūn'''iṣuvou'''
|-
! 2nd
| pūn'''uvadia''' || pūn'''uveri''' || upūn'''iteiri''' || pūn'''iṣuvadia'''
|-
! 3rd
| pūn'''uvat''' || pūn'''uvadat''' || upūn'''itena''' || pūn'''iṣuva'''
|-
! rowspan=3 | Pl. !! 1st
| pūn'''uvahi''' || pūn'''uvāna''' || upūn'''iteima''' || pūn'''iṣuvahi'''
|-
! 2nd
| pūn'''uvaši''' || pūn'''uvāne''' || upūn'''iteiša''' || pūn'''iṣuvaši'''
|-
! 3rd
| pūn'''uvai''' || pūn'''uvāye''' || upūn'''itena''' || pūn'''iṣuva'''
|}
Interior forms add these endings after ''-ir-'' (e.g. ''dældiruva'' "(s)he apparently speaks"); causative forms add them after ''-ild-'' for interior verbs and ''-ilder-'' for exterior ones, e.g. ''maišilduvate'' "(s)he apparently shows", ''maišilderuva'' "(s)he apparently learns".


The ''second inferential'' has a similar function to the first inferential, but the situation is unlikely to be true (translatable e.g. with "might/apparently... but probably don't/doesn't"); it is formed by adding '''-mū''' after the first inferential endings, e.g. ''pūnuvamū'' "(s)he might be working, but probably isn't". This is a worn down version of ''mbu gu'' (or not).
The ''second inferential'' has a similar function to the first inferential, but the situation is unlikely to be true (translatable e.g. with "might/apparently... but probably don't/doesn't"); it is formed by adding '''-anuyo''' to the end of the verb. 1SG present exterior contracts to ''-uyou''; all other contractions are regular saṃdhi changes where ''o'' → ''av''. e.g. ''yųlanuyo'' "it is apparently being eaten, but probably not"; ''yųlanuyou'' "I am apparently eaten, but probably not". Interiors and causatives have ''-uyer'' and ''-uyeld'' instead of *-uyavir, *-uyavild - cf. ''dældanuyere'' "(s)he apparently speaks, but probably doesn't", ''mišanuyeldegde'' "(s)he apparently shows, but probably doesn't".


The ''reported'' evidential marks something the speaker does not know first hand; it is formed by adding '''-kye''' after the normal endings, e.g. ''pūnėkye'' "[I was told/I heard] (s)he works". The ending is a worn down version of ''kulė'' (it is said).
The ''reported'' evidential marks something the speaker does not know first hand; it is formed by adding '''-anode(n)''': e.g. ''yųlanode'' "it is said that it is [being] eaten". Interiors and causatives do not add the epenthetic ''n'' and contract ''-e-i-'' to ''-ei-'' instead - cf. ''dældanodeire'' "it is said that (s)he speaks", ''mišanodeildegde'' "it is said that (s)he shows".


=== The consequential secondary moods===
=== The consequential secondary moods===
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