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Tigol/Proto-Tigol: Difference between revisions
→Verbs
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Finite verbs are marked for TAM, mirativity, voice (active and mediopassive), the subject's person, number, and gender and, if the direct object is definite, is obligatorily marked with the (usually direct) object's person, number, and gender in most TAMs, except in the imperative. The verb may agree with an indirect object (which is typically animate) instead of with the direct object. Object agreement is often omitted in poetry. Verbs also have several non-finite forms, used with various subordinating conjunctions and relative clauses. | Finite verbs are marked for TAM, mirativity, voice (active and mediopassive), the subject's person, number, and gender and, if the direct object is definite, is obligatorily marked with the (usually direct) object's person, number, and gender in most TAMs, except in the imperative. The verb may agree with an indirect object (which is typically animate) instead of with the direct object. Object agreement is often omitted in poetry. Verbs also have several non-finite forms, used with various subordinating conjunctions and relative clauses. | ||
{| class=wikitable | |||
|+Finite verb template | |||
!−2!!−1!!0!!1!!2!!3!!4!!/Downstep | |||
|- | |||
|Mood/Evidential/Mirative||Preterite prefix||'''STEM'''||Supplementary aspect||Supplementary voice||Voice-Tense-Aspect-Subject||Object||Voice-Tense-Aspect-Subject | |||
|} | |||
====Tense-aspect-mood==== | ====Tense-aspect-mood==== | ||
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======Inceptive====== | ======Inceptive====== | ||
The inceptive is the suffix ''-iħ'' (first conjugation) placed after the | The inceptive is the suffix ''-iħ'' (first conjugation) placed after the stem. | ||
======Cessative====== | |||
======Perfect====== | ======Perfect====== | ||
The perfect is formed periphrastically. The perfect clitic ''lakš'' is used with the past tenses to give the present perfect or pluperfect (there is no distinction) tense and is used with the future tense to give the future perfect tenses. | The perfect is formed periphrastically. The perfect clitic ''lakš'' is used with the past tenses to give the present perfect or pluperfect (there is no distinction) tense and is used with the future tense to give the future perfect tenses. | ||
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====Non-finite forms==== | ====Non-finite forms==== | ||
The static passive participle is formed through the infix ⟨''ir''⟩ in the | The static passive participle is formed through the infix ⟨''ir''⟩ in the stem. | ||
The dynamic passive participle is formed with the ⟨''(i)s''⟩. | The dynamic passive participle is formed with the ⟨''(i)s''⟩. | ||
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====Mirative and subjunctive==== | ====Mirative and subjunctive==== | ||
The mirative is marked by a prefix consisting of first consonant of | The mirative is marked by a prefix consisting of first consonant of stem + e + last consonant of stem. This reduplicant is prefixed before the stem and any TAM affixes. | ||
The subjunctive, used for doubtful statements and for hypothetical outcomes, is marked by a similar prefix, except that the consonants being in reverse order. | The subjunctive, used for doubtful statements and for hypothetical outcomes, is marked by a similar prefix, except that the consonants being in reverse order. | ||