Qino: Difference between revisions
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***Independent form: ''ad'' | ***Independent form: ''ad'' | ||
*'''Pseudo-cases:''' | *'''Pseudo-cases:''' | ||
**'''Vocative:''' Used for calling someone. | |||
***Masculine with absolutive ending in consonant or short, unstressed vowel: ''-ow'' (with stress maintained) - e.g. ''namka'' → ''námkow'', ''Maxámmad'' → ''Maxámmadow'' | |||
***Feminine with absolutive ending in consonant or short, unstressed vowel: ''-ey'' (with stress maintained) - e.g. ''shimmirti'' → ''shimírtey'', ''Faadhuma'' → ''Faadhúmey'' | |||
***Absolutive ending in long and/or stressed vowel: add epenthetic consonant followed by ''-ow/ey''. The epenthetic consonant depends on the final vowel: | |||
****''a'': ''-h-'' for masculine, ''-t-'' for feminine | |||
****''e'' or ''i'': ''-y-'' | |||
****''o'' or ''u'': ''-w-'' | |||
**'''Predicative''': Used for predicative nouns. This is not a true case but rather the absolutive fused to the copula. This fusing is optional, and in the present indicative the copula can be dropped entirely. | **'''Predicative''': Used for predicative nouns. This is not a true case but rather the absolutive fused to the copula. This fusing is optional, and in the present indicative the copula can be dropped entirely. | ||
***Absolutive ending in consonant or short, unstressed vowel: ''-e'' (declines as adjective), ''-dha'' (invariant; present only; doesn't affect stress) - e.g. ''Maxámmad'' → ''Maxàmmade, Maxámmaddha'' | ***Absolutive ending in consonant or short, unstressed vowel: ''-e'' (declines as adjective), ''-dha'' (invariant; present only; doesn't affect stress) - e.g. ''Maxámmad'' → ''Maxàmmade, Maxámmaddha'' | ||