User:MIGUELbM/Muna v2.8
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Phonology
Phonemic Inventory
Consonants | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Glottal | |
Nasal | m | n | [ŋ] | [ɴ] |
Stop | p | t | k | [ʔ] |
Fricative | f β | s ð | ɣ | h [ɦ] |
Approximant | j | |||
Flap or tap | ɾ | |||
Lateral app. | l |
Consonants between brackets are only allophonic.
Vowel Inventory
Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | ||
Close |
| |||||
Near-close | ||||||
Close-mid | ||||||
Mid | ||||||
Open-mid | ||||||
Near-open | ||||||
Open |
Syllable Structure
(C1)(j)V(C2)
- C1: a consonant
- C2: one of /ɾ l s n/
- V: a vowel
Clusters formed between /ɾ l s n/ are forbidden with the exception of /ɾs ls ns/
Allophony
- [n] assimilate in place of articulation to following consonants
- [h] become voiced [ɦ] between voiced vowels
- [ə̥] are assimilated into aspiration after stops [p t k]
- [ə̥] become [ʔ] word-initially
- [ə̥] become [ɦ] between vowels
Orthography
Romanization | |
---|---|
Phoneme | Grapheme |
m | m |
n | n |
p | p |
t | t |
k | k |
f | f |
β | b |
s | s |
ð | d |
ɣ | g |
h | h |
ɾ | r |
l | l |
a | a |
e | e |
i | i |
o | o |
u | u |
ə̥ | ' |
Nouns
Function | Use | |
---|---|---|
Number | Singulative | Indicates a single instance of a mass noun |
Plural Plurative |
Indicates multiple instances of countable and mass nouns | |
Cases | Nominative | Indicates the agent of a verb |
Absolutive | Indicates the direct object of a verb | |
Genitive | Indicates relationship or possesion | |
Dative Benefactive |
Indicates the indirect object of a sentence or the beneficiary of the action | |
Instrumental | Indicates an instrument or tool used to perform the action | |
Comitative | With something | |
Abessive | Without something | |
Locative | Indicates place or time of the action |
Verbs
Second affix | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
None | Past | Present | Future | ||
First affix |
None | Gnomic | Past perfective | Present perfective | Future perfective |
Past | Past perfective | Past retrospective Distant past |
Past continuous | Past prospective | |
Present | Present perfective | Present retrospective | Present continuous | Present prospective | |
Future | Future perfective | Future retrospective | Future continuous | Future prospective Distant future |
Particles
Numbers
Morphosyntax
It's an active-stative language
Main word order is VSO, tends to be head initial.
Relative clauses