User:IlL/Spare pages 1/45

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IlL/Spare pages 1/45
Wiob-Nkahn
Pronunciation[/wiob ᵑgaːn/]
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Tricin
Wiobic
  • IlL/Spare pages 1/45
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IlL/Spare pages 1/45 (Wiobem-Nkahn or colloquially Wiob-Nkahn) is one of the major languages of Bjeheond. It is loosely inspired by Old High German, Old English and Khmer. It's a relative of Tsjoen.

Numbers: ßoz, klie, skah, moj, fah, ies, nteht, nuot, ngaht, ziu

ma = negative

nkelei Piontels tur Bojels. = I speak of love and hate.

Idea

A "Sinospheric Finnish", or "Chinese with cases"

Phonology

Orthography

Wiobian is written in an orthography created by King Kait Niumer (modern Wiobian: Houger Niumer Kait; Kait is the family name).

in wiobian Orthography, only Nouns are capitalized; first Words in Sentences are not.

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Medial Velar Lab.vel. Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ nj /ɲ/ ng /ŋ/
Plosive voiceless p /p/ t /t/ z /c/ k /k/ qu /kʷ/
prenasalized mp /ᵐb/ nt /ⁿd/ nz /ᶮɟ/ nk /ᵑg/ nqu /ᵑgʷ/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ dj /ɟ/
Fricative plain f /f~v/ ß /s~z/
th /θ~ð/
s /ç~ʝ/ g /x~ɣ/ hw /ʍ/ h /h/
prenasalized mf /ᵐv/ /ⁿz/
Liquid l /l/ r /ɹ/
Approximant j /j/ w /w/
Notes
  • Voiceless plosives are not aspirated.
  • /ᵐb ⁿd ᶮɟ ᵑg/ devoice to [ᵐp ⁿt ᶮc ᵑk] word-finally.
  • /b d ɟ/ are often realized as implosives.
  • The fricatives ß s g are voiced intervocalically.
  • In Modern Wiobian, s in sC- inital clusters are pronounced /x/.
  • In Old Wiobian, r was [r], an alveolar trill.

Vowels

IlL/Spare pages 1/45 has short and long versions of the following monophthongs (except for /ə/ which only occurs in unstressed syllables). Long vowels can be marked with a following h. In syllables without a coda, vowels are long even without a following h.

  Front Central Back
Close i /i/ ü /y/ u /u/
Close-mid e /e/ ö /ø/ o /o/
Mid (e /ə/)
Open-mid ä /ɛ/ å /ɔ/
Open a /a/

Diphthongs: ai au ei öü ou ie io iu üö uo

Prosody

Stress

Most of the time, the stress falls on the first syllable. Exceptions are verb prefixes and sesquisyllables.

Intonation

Phonotactics

The syllable structure is usually (C)(C)V(C)s, where V can be a vowel or a diphthong.

Morphology

Nouns

Nßäht 'tree'
Nominative Nßäht
Genitive Nßähtem
Illative Nßähter
Inessive Nßähtel
Elative Nßähtels
Allative/Dative Nßähtene
Adessive Nßähten
Ablative Nßähtens
Instrumental/Comitative Nßähtemp
Essive Nßähtez
Translative Nßähtenk
Abessive Nßähtmakk

Plurals are formed with nto, so: nto Nßäht (trees), nto Nßähtem (of trees), ...

Old IlL/Spare pages 1/45 used -er as an accusative and -el for both the illative and inessive.

Article

The equivalent of the definite article in IlL/Spare pages 1/45 is a classifier (as in Hmong), but it's placed after the noun and carries the case marker. The noun before a classifier is prescriptively in the genitive case, but it's often dropped.

  • Nßäht kothem (presc. and in older IlL/Spare pages 1/45 Nßähtem kothem) 'of the tree'
  • Nßähtem 'of a tree'

Pronouns

Pronouns
Singular Plural
1 si tahs
2 mei wäll
3 mpa (animate), mpi (inanimate) ntompa (animate), ntompi (inanimate)

Case suffixes attach to si-, tah-, mei-, and wäh- respectively: sim Mpahng = my hand; sils = from me; about me

Verbs

Verbs don't inflect.

Action nouns are formed with the suffix -(e)me, from the genitive clitic followed by an eroded form of ion (to do). For example: Leime = speaking

Ideophones

Like Japanese and Korean, Wiobian uses ideophones. Ideophones may be used both informally and formally.

  • nungnung 'enormous'
  • behdgehd 'of slow and reluctant action'
  • ntåkpdåk 'hustle and bustle; of hurrying'
  • ngolmol 'of boiling liquid'
  • quorquär 'of anxiety'
  • klah 'ta-da!'
  • jaz 'of tightness and security; of exactness'
    • e.g. jaz ska 'exactly three; just three'
  • nquäh 'vaguely, without much effort; approximately'
  • djring 'zoom, of an engine noise'
  • ziekziok 'in small steps'

Ideophones are often used as adjectives or adverbs. Example:

Mpeid tei quorquär.
this COP ~ANXIETY
This makes me feel uneasy.

Derivational morphology

  • -ed = agentive
  • be- = applicative
  • en- = passive/reflexive
  • deß- = causative

Syntax

The unmarked word order in IlL/Spare pages 1/45 is SVO. Due to the influence of Tsjoen, Modern IlL/Spare pages 1/45 is quite strict about it (though objects could be fronted for emphasis).

Serial verbs are also common in IlL/Spare pages 1/45; all verbs but the last in a serial verb chain are in the ablative.

mpa fiuntens lei. = He came and spoke.