Verse:Schngellstein/Stem-Celtic Nurian

Pestonian (placeholder name) is an Estonian-inspired descendant of Hivatish.

Numbers: õin, tua, tria, kidur, pik, huu, heht, hast, neu, tis

Tepader! = an oath, like "Jesus" or "Christ" in our English

Phonology

Consonants: p b v t d δ k g s z h m n ng w r l j /p b v t d ð k g s z h m n ŋ w ʀ l j/

Vowels: a e i u õ /a e i u ɤ/ + long vowels and diphthongs

Nouns

no gender

valg 'wolf' (< valkuq)
Singular Plural
Nominative valg valgar
Genitive valga valgu
Dative valge valgav
Ablative-Locative valged valgav


wirδ 'word' (< wirdun)
Singular Plural
Nominative wirδ werδar
Genitive werδa wirδu
Dative wirδe wirδav
Ablative-Locative wirδed wirδav


võga 'city' (< vukaa)
Singular Plural
Nominative võga võgar
Genitive võgar võgu
Dative võge võgav
Ablative-Locative võgad võgav


inn 'fire'
Singular Plural
Nominative inn innir
Genitive innir innu
Dative inni inniv
Ablative-Locative innid inniv


suht 'attempt'
Singular Plural
Nominative suht suhtur
Genitive suhter suhtu
Dative suhte suhtuv
Ablative-Locative suhtud suhtuv

Verbs

TODO: revamp tenses to get split-ergativity, add evidentiality

Unlike Qivattutannguaq, Pestonian is NOT pro-drop.

There is a 2x2 tense structure: {non-past, past} x {imperfective, perfective}.

Ergativity is used in perfect(ive) tenses. The ergative subject is marked with tar 'through' plus the accusative case: Tar sin teised hõim. 'He will find me.'

teised "he finds":

  • Non-past imperfective: ja teisia, tu teiser, su/sa/sud teised, am teisime, ju teisid, sir teisud
  • Past imperfective: ja teiser, tu teiset, su/sa/sud teiser, am teisemme, ju teisete, sir teiser
  • Past perfective: teisedimm, teiseder, teiseded, teisedimme, teisediht, teiseduud
  • Future perfective: teisedõim, teisedõir, teisedõid, teisedõimme, teisedõite, teisedõjud

vinned "he binds":

  • Non-past imperfective: ja vinna, tu vinner, su/sa/sud vinned, am vinname, ju vinned, sir vinnud
  • Past imperfective: ja vanner, tu vannet, su/sa/sud vanner, am vannemme, ju vannete, sir vanner
  • Past perfective: vand imm, vand er, vand eht, vand imme, vand iht, vand huud

teepudad "he rules":

  • Non-past imperfective: ja teepuda, tu teepudar, su teepudad, am teepudame, ju teepudad, sir teepudud
  • Past imperfective: ja teepudar, tu teepudat, su teepudar, am teepudamme, ju teepudate, sir teepudar
  • Past perfective: teepudad imm, teepudad er, teepudad eht, teepudad imme, teepudad iht, teepudad huud