Eighth edition lekma
A conlang named lekma /ˈɥexmä/ is an experimental miniature language, language Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages, rests are from many others. it is for learning languages, making is to learn about languages.
nouns: +morpheme nouns(that are intransitives), +adjective nouns(monotransitives), +demonstrative nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +verb-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +enclitics(they turn nouns to full nouns): demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, (demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plural), adjectival suffix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, verbal suffix: hen/en/(motion in once), hel/ɦel/(habitual, nominaliser), had/ɦät/(subjunctive) dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/en/.
every words are full nouns or morpheme nouns, full nouns are indicative forms. borrowing words from other languages enter the group of adjective full noun, some enter full nouns. VO phrases are also full nouns. an object right after the verbal noun needs no suffix nor particle. an object before the verb needs a support of an objectival particle. e are null vowel null consonants if they are free from diacritics. (in this site uses resemble phonemic notations)
it seems there are làa/gäː/ so some are irregular. gemination affects vowel before it to lengthen or something then, it is simplified. tone rises at words initially. i(ǀ) start citing, (end cite), before a loanword, ǃ(ǂ) exclamation. excepting q w p g j y. consonant u is added as is ng. dalse càe látin, vàe áleman, bae látin, cae látin, kae eskanól, aüe elínica, meidallaoduilekma. e lao u vèi velar nasal.
Syntacs
Type: SVO ergative noun • verbal noun objective noun + topic noun / verbal noun • noun adjectival suffix + topic noun, where a middle dot separates phrases, focal phrases can switch their places to be at first to others.
aside from the phonemic orthography, numerals are written with. .0123456789,10,11,12. is oinmfvksba.io/x,ii/e,in/z.
Morpheme inventory
- s- /sɨ/,allomorpheme;/s/,* n- /nɨ/,allomorpheme;/n/,* a- /ä/* ∅- /ʔ/* -a /ɦä/* -e /ɦe/* -s /s/* -as /ɦäs/* -es /ɦes/* -n /n/* -en /ɦen/
- -ns /ns/* -ens /ɦens/* -l /l/* -t /t/* -d /t/* -ls /ls/* -ts /t͡s/* -ds /des/* -el /el/* -et /et/* -at /ät/* -ad /äde/* -els /els/
- -ets /et͡s/* -ats /ät͡s/* -ads /ädes/* -nd /indɐ/* -nt /int/* -nds /indɐs/* -nts /intes/
Phoneme inventory
| Consonants | Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | mam(m) | nan(dental n, ɲ) | aarner(ɳ) | uâu,aau(ŋ) | |||||
| Plosive | bab(b-p) | dad(d-t) | cac(k-g) | aâe(ʔ, null) | |||||
| Affricate | zae(d͡z-t͡s) | tât(ʈ͡ʂ) | |||||||
| Fricative | fâf(f) | sas(s-ɕ) | xax(ç-ʂ) | iáe(ʝ) | kak(χ-x, k) | hah,aar(ɦ, ɐ, null) | |||
| Approximant | vàe(ʋ) | aáe,aaé(short i) | |||||||
| Trill | rae(ʀ-r) | ||||||||
| Lateral approximant | aàe,aaè(short u) | lál,uae(ɥ-ʎ, l) |
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | unrounded | rounded | ||
| Close | aie,aîe(i) | aüe,aúe(y) | aïe,aui(ɨ ɯ) | aue,aûe(u) | ||
| Mid-open | aee,aêe,eäe,aei(e ë) | aöe,aeu(ø) | aëe(ɤ) | aoe,aôe(o) | ||
| Open | aae,aâe(ä) | aao(ʌː) | ||||
phonotactics CV(V)C
allophones; t ʔ ɦ l;ʎ;ɾ sr ɲ ŋ allophones;â á:ae;ai;oa e é:ei;é;ea i î í o ö:eu;oi ó:ou u ü ú;;ue;ua;uo | ɲ ŋ h −vowel length lk −vowel length sk
! colspan="1" |noun root
! colspan="1" |gloss
the agent of a transitive verb
! style="width: 90px; "|the subject/locative of an intransitive verb
! style="width: 90px; "|the direct/indirect object of a verb
! style="width: 90px; "|possessive form
! style="width: 90px; "|plural form
! style="width: 90px; "|plural possessive form
! style="width: 90px; "|
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|uac/ʋɐk/| sac/sɐk/| nac/nɐk/| uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk]| uacs/ʔäks/| sacen/säːgen/,nacen/näːgen/,uacen/ʔäːgen/| uacens/ʔäːgens/| I
! style="text-align: center; "|uue/ʋyː/| sue/syː/| nue/nyː/| uue/ʋyː/[ʔyː]| uues/ʋyːs/[ʔyːs]| suen/syːen/,nuen/nyːen/,ʋuen/ʔyːen/| uuens/ʔyːens/| You
! style="text-align: center; "|hia/ɦiä/| sia/siä/| nia/niä/| hia/ɦiä/| hias/ɦiäs/| sian/siän/,nian/niän/,hian/ɦiän/| hians/ɦiäns/| They (singular)
! colspan="1" |verb rootindicative form}}subjunctive form}}connective form}}noun-like formgloss! style="width: 90px; "|present/habitual! style="width: 90px; "|the motion is futural! style="width: 90px; "|-ing, /if! style="width: 90px; "|the motion is incomplete! style="width: 90px; "|the motion is completed! style="text-align: center; "|sel/sel/ | ser/sel/| seat/seɦät/| sad/säːt/| selnd/selindɐ/| selnt/selint/| be! style="text-align: center; "|bal/bäl/| bar/bäl/| baat/päɦät/| bad/päːt/ | balnd/pälindɐ| balnt/pälint/| have! |tel/tel/| ter/tel/| teat/teɦät/| tad/täːt/| telnd/telindɐ/| telnt/telint/| hang,raise
Made text
of it is what. nerca sèina nac-har séd-nan i.be swed-ish
of this is what.
famseldoclea
fam sel-doc-leh-har
fruits are-this-place-of
nacioneus uekma. neidoc.
is.romlang uekma it.is.not
lekma is a romlang. no, it's not.
of who does what.
hainimdaines doc
hai nim daines doc
they eat some-of this