Glommish/Old

Old Thedish (þiudьska rarda; Modern Thedish aldþiúsk) is the most recent common ancestor of the Thedic languages, Thedish and Ufirlandisg. It is one of the classical Germanic languages of Lõis.

It evolved into Middle Thedish by ca. the 1200s.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant phonemes

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Velar
Nasal		m m	n n
Stop /Affricate	voiceless	p p	t t		k c~k
	voiced	b b	d d		g ɟ~g
Fricative		f f~v	þ θ~ð	s s~z	h ç~x~h
Resonant		w ʋ	r r	l l	j j

All consonants except *j can be allophonically palatalized before front vowels (*e *ē *ö *ȫ *i *ī *ü *ǖ *eu *iu). The palatalization was still allophonic in Old Thedish but the allophonic palatalization may have been especially strong in k/g.

• -anz, -inz, -unz > -ąz, -įz, -ųz > -ār, -īr, -ūr
• kw, hw > p, f

Vowels

Old Thedish had the following vowels:

a ā e ē i ī o ȯ ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu ъ y ь /a ɑː ɛ ɛː i iː ɔ o ɔː œ œː u uː y yː au ɛu iu ə əi ĭ/

U-umlaut: a ā e ē i ī > o ō ö ȫ ü ǖ (from PGmc *a *ō/ā *e *ē *i *ī)

Vowel reflexes in stressed syllables:

a ā e ē ə̄ i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu

Þiúd'sk: > a á ia/ie iá ý i í o ó ie ié iu iú i í ó ió iú

Ufirlandisg: > a ā ia(üe after w) iā(üē after w) ē(uō after w) i(ü after w) ī(ǖ after w) uo uō üe üē u ū ü ǖ au iau ieu

Morphology

Nouns

o-stem: wulfъ (m.) 'wolf'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	wulfъ	wulfy
Genitive	wulfъs	wulfa
Dative	wulfy	wulfъmъ
Locative	wulfaþ	wulfъrъ

o-stem: jukъ (n.) 'yoke'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	jukъ	juka
Genitive	jukъs	juka
Dative	juky	jukъmъ
Locative	jukaþ	jukъrъ

eh2-stem: gēfa (f.) 'gift'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	gēfa	gēfar
Genitive	gēfar	gēfa
Dative	gēfai	gēfamъ
Locative	gēfai	gēfarъ

i-stem: gastь (m.) 'guest'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	gastь	gasti
Genitive	gastьs	gastьja
Dative	gasti	gastьmъ
Locative	gasti	gastьrъ

i-stem: marь (n.) 'sea'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	marь	mari
Genitive	marьs	marьja
Dative	mari	marьmъ
Locative	mari	marьrъ

u-stem: sunъ (m.) 'son'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	sunъ	sunir
Genitive	sunor	sunьwa
Dative	suni	sunъmъ
Locative	sunew	sunъrъ

C-stem: burgь (f.) 'fortification'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	burgь	burgir
Genitive	burgir	burga
Dative	burgi	burgъmъ
Locative	burgь	burgъrъ

z-stem: lambъ (m.) 'lamb'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	lambъ	lambьra
Genitive	lambьrь	lambьra
Dative	lambьrь	lambьrъmъ
Locative	lambьrь	lambьrъrъ

an-stem: auga (n.) 'eye'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	auga	augana
Genitive	augьnь	augъna
Dative	augьnь	augъmmъ
Locative	augьnь	augarъ

n-stem: harpa (f.) 'harp'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	harpa	harpanь
Genitive	harpanь	harpana
Dative	harpanь	harpamъ
Locative	harpanь	harparъ

n-stem: burþi (f.) 'birth'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	burþi	burþinь
Genitive	burþinь	burþina
Dative	burþinь	burþimъ
Locative	burþinь	burþirъ

r-stem: fader (m.) 'father'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	fader	fadrь
Genitive	fadъr	fadra
Dative	fadrь	fadrъmъ
Locative	fadrь	fadrъrъ

Verbs

Weak

leufanъ 'to love'

tense	ek	þū	ir/sī/it	wīr	jūr	ija
present indicative	leufa	leufasь	leufaþь	leufamъ	leufaþ	leufanþь
present subjunctive	leufa	leufas	leufa	leufam	leufaþ	leufan
past I	leufada	leufadest	leufade	leufadedъm	leufadedъd	leufadedъn
past II	leufas	leufast	leufas	leufasъm	leufasъd	leufaser
past subjunctive	leufadedi	leufadedir	leufadedi	leufadedim	leufadedid	leufadedin
imperative	-	leufa!	-	-	leufaþ!	-
present participle	leufand
past participle	leufadъ

hylinъ 'to heal'

tense	ek	þū	ir/sī/it	wīr	jūr	ija
present indicative	hylьja	hylisь	hyliþь	hylimъ	hyliþ	hylinþь
present subjunctive	hylьja	hylis	hyli	hylim	hyliþ	hylin
past I	hylida	hylidest	hylide	hylidedъm	hylidedъd	hylidedъn
past II	hylis	hylist	hylis	hylisъm	hylisъd	hyliser
past subjunctive	hylidedi	hylidedir	hylidedi	hylidedim	hylidedid	hylidedin
imperative	-	hyli!	-	-	hyliþ!	-
present participle	hylind
past participle	hylidъ

Strong

wrītъnъ 'to write'

tense	ek	þū	ir/sī/it	wīr	jūr	ija
present indicative	wrīta	wrītьrь	wrītьdь	wrītъmъ	wrītьd	wrītъndь
present subjunctive	wrīta	wrītyr	wrīty	wrītym	wrītyd	wrītyn
past I	wryt	wryst	wryt	wrytъm	wrytъd	wryter
past II	writъ	writь	writ	writъm	writъd	writъn
past subjunctive	writi	writir	writi	writim	writid	writin
imperative	-	wrīt!	-	-	wrītъd!	-
present participle	wrītъnd
past participle	writъnъ

keusъnъ 'to choose'

tense	ek	þū	ir/sī/it	wīr	jūr	ija
present indicative	keusa	kiusьrь	kiusьþь	keusъmъ	kiusьd	keusъndь
present subjunctive	keusa	keusyr	keusy	keusym	keusyd	keusyn
past I	kaus	kaust	kaus	kaurъm	kaurъd	kaurer
past II	kusъ	kusь	kus	kurъm	kurъd	kurъn
past subjunctive	kuri	kurir	kuri	kurim	kurid	kurin
imperative	-	keus!	-	-	kiusьd!	-
present participle	keusъnd
past participle	kurъnъ

bindъnъ 'to bind'

tense	ek	þū	ir/sī/it	wīr	jūr	ija
present indicative	binda	bindьrь	bindьþь	bindъmъ	bindьd	bindъndь
present subjunctive	binda	bindyr	bindy	bindym	bindyd	bindyn
past I	band	banst	band	bandъm	bandъd	bander
past II	bundъ	bundь	bund	bundъm	bundъd	bundъn
past subjunctive	bundi	bundir	bundi	bundim	bundid	bundin
imperative	-	bind!	-	-	bindьd!	-
present participle	bindъnd
past participle	bundъnъ

Adjectives

Adjectives had two declensions:

1. a declension following the original PIE adjective declension, and
2. a declension using the n-stem declension.

The first paradigm was used for predicative adjectives and circumstantial adjective phrases. The second paradigm was used for attributive adjectives.

Syntax

Constituent order

If the first constituent of a clause was the subject, it was verb final. Otherwise, the verb followed the first constituent, thus using a V2 word order.

Schleicher

Skēpъ auk hrussy

Skēpъ, þat wulla ne hafis, sū hrussy: ynъ þungъnъ wagnъ teuhъndъ, auk ynъ mauranъ hlostъ, auk ynъ gumъnъ sneumъ berъndъ. Nu sagis skēpъ hrussъmъ: "Herta mir darьjьþь sewъndy gumъnъ drīfъndъ hrussy." Þanne sagiser hrussy: "Hauri, skēp! Herta unsь darьjьþь þana sewъndъmъ: guma, fadь, ūtъ skēpъs wullai wurkiþь sir warmъnъ klyþъ; auk skēpъ wulla ne hafyþь." Þat hauridъ, flug skēpъ þurh akrъ.