Dlav

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Dlav (/dlʌv/, also Dilav /dɪlʌv/; endonym: Dlàv [dlav]) is an a priori language created by Lëtzelúcia.

Phonology

Consonant phonemes of Dlav
Labial Dental/
Alveolar
Postalveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal /m/ /n/ ñ /ɲ/ /ŋ/
Plosive voiceless /p/ /t/ /c/ /k/ /q/
voiced /b/ /d/ /ɟ/ g /ɡ/ q /ɢ/
ejective /pʼ/ /tʼ/ /kʼ/
Fricative voiceless /f/ /s/ š /ʃ/ ś /ɕ/ /χ/ h /h/
voiced /v/ /z/ ž /ʒ/ ź /ʑ/
Affricate voiceless c /t͡ʃ/
voiceless j /d͡ʒ/
Approximant semivowel y /j/ [j̃] /w/ [w̃]
lateral /l/ ĺ /ʎ/
Trill /r/
  • Nasalised approximants only happen before a nasal consonant.
  • /m n ɲ ŋ l ʎ r/ have syllabic allophones: [m̩ n̩ ɲ̍ ŋ̍ l̩ ʎ̩ r̩].
Vowel phonemes of Dlav
Front Central Back
oral nasal oral nasal oral nasal
Close /i/ [ĩ] /u/ [ũ]
Close-mid /e/ [ẽ] /o/ [õ]
Open-mid è /ɛ/ è [ɛ̃] a /ɐ/ a [ɐ̃] ò /ɔ/ ò [ɔ̃]
Open à /a/ à [ã]
  • Nasalised vowels only happen before a nasal consonant.

Phonotactics

Dlav roots distinguish three main classes of consonants, arranged from high to low sonority:

  1. Non-palatal sonorants: /m n ŋ w l r/, denoted as N
  2. Palatal sonorants: /ɲ j ʎ/, denoted as J
  3. Obstruents, denoted as C. These include five subgroups:
    • Plosives, except ejectives, denoted as P.
    • Ejectives, denoted as E.
    • The affricates /t͡ʃ d͡ʒ/, denoted as Z.
    • The sibilants /s z ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ/, denoted as S.
    • The non-sibilants /f v χ h/, denoted as H.

The follow rules are applied:

  1. Onset and coda always have a consonant, ranging from C to CCCC.
  2. The only mandatory element of a root is N or J.
  3. The consonant closer to the main howel always have the higher sonority.
  4. Only one member of each sonority group appear in the onset or coda.
    • However, P is allowed to exist together with S or H.

A good example is the name of the language itself, Dlàv, which is organised as CCVC, namely PNVH, spro- ‘to die’ is also a possible root, but **sṗro- is not.