Häskä/Wordlist

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Modern Standard Wiobian
Wiob-Muts; Reber-Muts
Created byIlL
Native speakers70 million (2200 v.C.)
Gamedan
Language codes
ISO 639-3qwb
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engunn&fiungs mieh Wäls tur Wiob-Hien! ("View this page in Wiobian!")
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Häskä/Wordlist (Wiobian: Reber-Wiob-Muts [żai4ziou6my5] 'Courtly Wiobian') or Rzaimy (Reber-Muts [żai4my5] 'the courtly language') is the standard variety of Modern Wiobian.

Todo

  • Wiob-Schriof-Eber-Hölsch "Wiobian-style collection-piece" - Wiobian Suites

Notes on notation

  • i - denotes i-umlaut of the root.
  • u - denotes u-umlaut of the root.

Orthography

See also: Wiobian/Script.

Phonology

Phonotactics

(C)V(C)T

Words are mainly monosyllabic, occasionally trochees.

Compounds are left-headed and trochaic.

Initials

The following 'Wiobian pinyin' could be used to represent Modern Greater Wiobian words phonetically:

Tones: Cantonese tones, numbered as in Cantonese

Initials:
labials: ƀ /ɓ/ b /p/ p /pʰ/ m /m/ f /f/ pf /pf/
dentals: đ /ɗ/ d /t/ t /tʰ/ n /n/ s /s/ z /z/
laterals: dź /tɬ/ ć /tɬʰ/ ś /ɬ/ l /l/ ł /ɫ/
retroflexes: dż /tʂ/ cz /tʂʰ/ sz /ʂ/ ż /ʐ/ nz /ɳ/
co-articulated: gq /!/ q /!ʰ/ sj /ɧ/ zj /ɧ̬/ nq /ŋ!/
palatals: dzi /tɕ/ ci /tɕʰ/ si /ɕ/ zi /ʑ/ ni /ɲ/ j /j/
velars: g /k/ k /kʰ/ ch /x/ ng /ŋ/
labiovelars: gw /kʷ/ kw /kʷʰ/
laryngeals: (null) /ʔ/ h /h/

Vowels: a /a/ e /ɛ/ i /i/ o /ɔ/ u /u/ y /ɨ/ ơ /œ/ ư /y/

Finals: -p /p/ -t /t/ -k /k/ -m /m/ -n /n/ -ng /ŋ/ -i /j/ -u /w/

Modern Standard Wiobian initials
Labial Alveolar Lateral Retroflex Coarticulated Palatal Velar Labiovelar Glottal
Nasal /m/ /n/ /ɳ/ /ŋ!/ /ɲ/ /ŋ/
Plosive plain /p/ /t/ /!/ /k/ /kʷ/ /ʔ/
aspirated /pʰ/ /tʰ/ /!ʰ/ /kʰ/ /kʷʰ/
implosive /ɓ/ /ɗ/
Affricate plain /pf/ /tɬ/ /ʈʂ/ /tɕ/
aspirated /tɬʰ/ /ʈʂʰ/ /tɕʰ/
Fricative plain /f/ /s/ /ɬ/ /ʂ/ /ɧ/ /ɕ/ /x/ /h/
voiced /v/ /z/ /ʐ/ /ɧ̬/ /ʑ/
Approximant /l/, /ɫ/ /j/

Rimes

A whole rime dictionary would be necessary to describe all the rimes, since the rules are so complex/irregular. Sorry

Nucleus

Modern Standard Wiobian monophthongs
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
Close /i/ /y/ [ɨ]1 /u/
Mid /e/ /ø/ /o/
Open /a/

1 Allophone of /i/ and /y/ after dental and retroflex initials.
2 Allophone of /æ/ after retroflex consonants.

Short vowels (which only occured in closed syllables) are fairly stably preserved.

Umlaut

  • short u /u/ i-umlauts to short ü /y/
  • io /y/? i-umlauts to ie /i/?
  • ia /jæ/ i-umlauts to ie /i/?
  • short o /o/ i-umlauts to short ö /e/
  • short a /æ/ i-umlauts to short ä /e/
  • short e /ə/ i-umlauts to short i /i/
  • uo i-umlauts to üö
  • short a /æ/ u-umlauts to short å /o/

Coda consonants

Only the following coda consonants may occur: [p t k m n ŋ j w].


Tones

Stressed syllables may have one of 6 tones.

  1. high level tone (˥) (high falling (˥˩) in pausa) < LMW high modal
  2. mid rising tone (˧˥) < LMW high breathy
  3. mid level tone (˧) < LMW high glottalized
  4. low falling tone (˨˩) < LMW low modal
  5. low rising tone (˩˧) < LMW low breathy
  6. low level tone (˨) < LMW low glottalized

Example syllable: /maj/ mai

  1. /maj˥/ (mai1) Schmörr: liver
  2. /maj˧˥/ (mai2) Kmas: border/edge
  3. /maj˧/ (mai3) schmeig: lie
  4. /maj˨˩/ (mai4) Meder: valley
  5. /maj˩˧/ (mai5) Mels: lightning
  6. /maj˨/ (mai6) enbelt: provoke

Grammar

Derivational morphology

Some suffixes are pronounced differently depending on the final consonant of the root.

  • U(-n): nominalization, patient
    • Þiem 'deed' < þiom 'do'
  • be-: intensive/applicative/denominal verb prefix; common like in German
    • berast 'make powerful, strengthen' < Rast 'power'
  • deß-: detransitivizing/valency-decreasing
  • em-/(w)en-: perfective; causative/valency-incrementing
  • U-em: adjectival/attributive/place noun suffix
    • Jündemruoger 'tapestry of life'
  • -er: collective, augmentative, place noun, resultative
    • Puoger 'throne' < Puog 'chair'
    • Ruoger 'statue' < ruog, rieg, Ruogs 'carve'
    • Jenger 'ocean, sea' < Jeng 'water'
  • ger-: inceptive, dynamic
    • gerzißt: 'initiate' < zißt 'run' (intransitive)
  • i- (< PWio *ī < PGam *hiz): negative
    • ibiul 'not straight, unjust' < biul 'straight, just'
  • -li agent noun, someone associated with [NOUN]
    • Winkli 'mortal' < wink- 'die' + -li
  • -mack: resultative, ability
  • -null: prototypical member of a set, Ur-
  • -ung: singulative/some singular nouns
  • -s (< PGam *λ ~ Thm. supine -dh): verbal nouns, nominalization
  • -zi: abstract noun, -ness/-hood
  • uo- (< PWio *ā- < PGam *ʔāz-): augmentative
    • Uores, Uors 'wolf, predatory beast' < euphemistically derived from Rüös 'dog'
  • wech-: perfective/telic
  • -zim: characterized by [noun]

Phrasebook

  • Pei-käh-kiob, in gerbänk-klers iete! (bi-ga-dźu, yn fạng-dlái ed!)
  • Mäßtes riet! - Greetings!
  • Woi2 szan6! - Hello.
  • ta2 hung2 - thank you.
Related pages with more information
Talk: