User:IlL/Sketchbook
Gleb phonologies
A nice one
m n̻ nʲ̻ tʰ̻ t̻ kʰ k kʷ f s̻ l̻ i iː u uː ɛ ɛː ɛ̃ ɛ̃ː ɔ ɔː ɔ̃ ɔ̃ː a aː ã ãː
(C1)V(C2)
C1: a consonant
V: a vowel
C2: a consonant other than /nʲ̻/
Gleb seed 1364524938
vaguely Cagasa
consonants:
m n mb nd ndz ŋg p b t d ts dz k g mv nz f v s z h r w
vowels:
a e i o u
syllable structure: (C)V
Gleb seed 1390372573
Liquidless phonology
m̥ m n̥ n ŋ̥ ŋ mpʰ mb ntʰ nd ŋkʰ pʰ p b tʰ t d kʰ k ʔ f s x
a e ɛ i o ɔ u
(C)V(N)
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
N: a nasal; i.e. one of /m̥ m n̥ n ŋ̥ ŋ/
Gleb seed 1408165181
Kxǂ’auǁʼein
Kxǂ’auǁʼein /ˈkxǂ’aʊ̯ǁʼaɪ̯n/
Rencadian nouns
Nouns have 2 genders (masculine and feminine) and 3 cases (nominative, comparative, and vocative). The genitive is archaic and survives in verbal nouns and stock expressions.
Noun stems often get lenited. Lenition works as follows:
- When the noun begins with a lenitable consonant (any consonant besides f, v, th, dh, ch and gh), the first consonant gets lenited. If the first consonant is z, x or zj and there's a prefix before the lenited stem, an epenthetic -n- is inserted between the prefix and the stem.
- When the noun begins with a vowel, an n- is inserted before the stem.
- When the noun begins with a nonlenitable consonant (f, v, th, dh, ch or gh), an n- is inserted before the stem if there's a prefix before the stem that ends in a vowel. Otherwise, neo- is inserted before the stem.
For example:
- baer 'leaf' → vaer
- rasj 'spouse' → rasj
- zaweoth 'ant' → aweoth, ʙᴜᴛ:
- xeu + lenited form of zaweoth 'like an ant' → xeu naweoth
- eonsae 'fruit' → neonsae
- farnath 'speech' → neofarnasj, ʙᴜᴛ:
- meo + lenited form of farnasj 'speaking' → meonfarnasj
- ow + lenited form of farnasj 'not speaking' → owneofarnasj
Feminine nouns
Most nouns are feminine and decline as follows:
Case | Indefinite Singular | Indefinite Plural | Definite Singular | Definite Plural |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | [nom stem] | [nom stem]+meo | [nom stem]+nae | [nom stem]+neu |
(Genitive) | [gen stem] | [nom stem]+meon | [nom stem]+naer | [nom stem]+neureo |
Comparative | [acc stem] | [nom stem]+meoth | [nom stem]+naeth | [nom stem]+neuth |
Vocative | [lenited nom stem] | [lenited nom stem]+meo | [lenited nom stem]+nae | [lenited nom stem]+neu |
- [nom stem] is the dictionary form of a noun.
- [gen stem] is the genitive stem, formed by adding -eo if the noun ends in a consonant and -n if the noun ends in a vowel.
- [acc stem] is the accusative stem, formed by adding -eoth if the noun ends in a consonant and -th if the noun ends in a vowel.
Here are two examples:
eorim 'tail' | Indefinite Singular | Indefinite Plural | Definite Singular | Definite Plural |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | eorim | eorimmeo | eorimnae | eorimneu |
(Genitive) | eorimeo | eorimmeon | eorimnaer | eorimneur |
Comparative | eorimeoth | eorimmeoth | eorimnaeth | eorimneuth |
Vocative | neorim | neorimmeo | neorimnae | neorimneu |
neoqa 'rope' | Indefinite Singular | Indefinite Plural | Definite Singular | Definite Plural |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | neoqa | neoqameo | neoqanae | neoqaneu |
(Genitive) | neoqan | neoqameon | neoqanaer | neoqaneur |
Comparative | neoqath | neoqameoth | neoqanaeth | neoqaneuth |
Vocative | neoqa | neoqameo | neoqanae | neoqaneu |
Masculine nouns
First declension
First declension masculine nouns end in consonants and the genitive stem is identical to the nominative stem, unless the final consonant is th, dh, s or z, in which case this final consonant is replaced with sj, zj, sj or zj respectively. The accusative stem is formed from the nominative stem as follows:
- If the final consonant is th or dh, it's replaced with t or d respectively.
- If the final consonant is a voiced fricative that is not dh, -dh is suffixed.
- Otherwise, -th is suffixed.
The paradigm is:
Case | Indefinite Singular | Indefinite Plural | Definite Singular | Definite Plural |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | [nom stem] | [nom stem]+meo | [nom stem]+ae | [nom stem]+eu |
(Genitive) | [gen stem] | [nom stem]+meon | [nom stem]+aer | [nom stem]+eur |
Comparative | [acc stem] | [nom stem]+meoth | [nom stem]+aeth | [nom stem]+euth |
Vocative | [lenited nom stem] | [lenited nom stem]+meo | [lenited nom stem]+ae | [lenited nom stem]+eu |
Here's an example:
neowaeth 'root' | Indefinite Singular | Indefinite Plural | Definite Singular | Definite Plural |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | neowaeth | neowaethmeo | neowaethae | neowaetheu |
(Genitive) | neowaesj | neowaethmeon | neowaethaer | neowaetheur |
Comparative | neowaet | neowaethmeoth | neowaethaeth | neowaetheuth |
Vocative | neowaeth | neowaethmeo | neowaethae | neowaetheu |
Second declension
Second declension masculine nouns end in vowels. The genitive stem is formed by:
- suffixing -r if the last vowel is preceded immediately by a consonant cluster ending in a consonant that's not p, t, c, b, d, g, f, th, ch, v, dh or gh;
- otherwise, replacing the last vowel with -r.
The paradigm is as follows:
Case | Indefinite Singular | Indefinite Plural | Definite Singular | Definite Plural |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | [nom stem] | [gen stem]+eom | [gen stem]+ae | [gen stem]+eu |
(Genitive) | [gen stem]+eo | [gen stem]+eomeon | [gen stem]+aer | [gen stem]+eur |
Comparative | [gen stem]+th | [gen stem]+eomeoth | [gen stem]+aeth | [gen stem]+euth |
Vocative | [lenited nom stem] | [lenited gen stem]+eom | [lenited gen stem]+ae | [lenited gen stem]+eu |
An example:
maexneu 'love' | Indefinite Singular | Indefinite Plural | Definite Singular | Definite Plural |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | maexneu | maexneureom | maexneurae | maexneureu |
(Genitive) | maexneureo | maexneureomeon | maexneuraer | maexneureur |
Comparative | maexneurth | maexneureomeoth | maexneuraeth | maexneureuth |
Vocative | waexneu | waexneureom | waexneurae | waexneureu |
Verbal nouns ending in -reo are always second declension masculine.
- dexreo 'to rest'
- ithreo 'to eat'
- maerthreo 'to sit'
Phonology of Praimhín's Rencadian
Orthography
IlL/Sketchbook uses its own native alphabet.
The phonetic value of any consonant letter is the first consonant in its name - so that <ʕ> for example sounds like 'ts' (i.e. /tsʰ/) and <ɧ> sounds like 'x' (i.e. /ɮ/)
The letters themselves are derived from pictograms.
- paesj = bear = ɤ
- taenweof = mushroom = ɷ
- tsopeol = hook = ʕ
- saen = head = ɵ
- tqiich = vine = ɖ
- qvaera = clock = ɸ
- tjiweoq = cloud = ɯ
- sjwaet = rose = ɘ
- cmath = jaw = ʟ
- banr = hill = ʌ
- drix = river = ʭ
- dzitra = fence = ʜ
- zaweoth = ant = ɶ
- dxeorsja = plough = ʄ
- xa = human being = ɧ
- djarva = seesaw = ʎ
- zji = hair = ɪ
- gaenu = foot = ʊ
- minth = arm = ʏ
- neoqa = rope = n
- ngeulaer = boat = ʁ
- reoxaeth = tree = ʔ
- rhoadzeot = pineapple = ð
- lif = moon = c
- wuthma = whale = ɚ
- yachta = navel = ʘ
- lenition sign = ː
The phonetic value of a vowel letter is the first vowel in its name.
- a: ʱ (called xa aereo, 'small human being')
- ae: ˠ (paesj aereo 'small bear')
- eo: ˀ (reoxaeth aereo 'small tree')
- i: ʷ (tjiweq aereo 'small cloud')
- o: ˁ (tsopeol aereo 'small hook')
- eu: ʶ (ngeulaer aereo 'small boat')
- u: ˞ (wuthma aereo 'small whale')
Punctuation is as follows:
- [ ] = quotation marks
- . = space/word boundary marker
- ɭ = period
- ɭɭ = comma
- ʕ̰ = semicolon
- ʕ = colon
- The punctuation mark ˈ is placed before sentences and clauses, and ˌ before proper names.
Example:
- ˈɤˠ.ɧʱnˠ.ʏˀnɤːʱʔnʱɯːɭɭ.[ˈʟˁ.ˀɤːɵʱ.ʭːˀ.ɘɚˠɷ.ʏˀ.ɖːˠʌʱnˠɭ]
Pae xanae meonfarnasj, "Co eofsa dheo sjwaet meo qaebanae."
/pʰɛ ˈɮanɛ mənˈfarnaʃ ǀ kʰɔ ˈəfsa ðə ˈʃwɛtʰ mə ˈɬɛpanɛ ‖ /
pae xa-nae meon-farnasj co eofsa dheo sjwaet meo-L tqaeba-nae
PAST person-SG.DEF.NOM AFF-speak PRES water.SG.INDEF.NOM and rose.SG.INDEF.NOM LOC goblet-SG.DEF.NOM
The person said, "There's water and a rose in the goblet."
Ahahahaha
Detective: Do you speak another language?
Suspect: Well, some Terg, of course. And Cuatham and...
Detective: No, no, another. Like a Kuderauan language. Because I noticed you have a slight rhotic vowel.
Suspect: Very good, detective. My father was in the foreign service in Clofabinositin."
Hiberno-Clofabic
- ustekinumab > *ustichinumha > űtchünmha 'hello'
- flovir > flór > ló 'not, no'
- /sporavir endin, flo:r sporaksakine endin/ > /foraind, hlo:r foraxsaxnend/ > foraid, ló·fráchned 'I eat, I eat not'
- /sporavir valin, flo:r sporaksakine valin/ > /forail, hlo:r foraxsaxneal/ > forail, ló·fráchnel 'thou eatest, thou eatest not'
"Final Countdown"
A Quame language (base 16):
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 = shmone, sheva, shesh, khamesh, arba, shalosh, shtayim, achat, efes
9, 10 = minus achat, minus shtayim...
16 = iktzaf
32 = dilsha
Uupek
{ng, hng, k, g, x, gh, kʰ, gʰ, ngʰ, k’, kx', ˀg} x {prev, postv, phard uv} x {plain, lab'd} = 72
{ng, hng, k, g, x, gh, kʰ, gʰ, ngʰ, k’, kx', ˀg} x {velar, uvular} x {plain, r-colored} = 48
then, uvular trills!
{ʀ, ʀh} x {plain, lab'd} x {plain, r-colored} = 8
128 in total
{ʀ, ʀh} x {plain, lab'd} x {plain, r-colored. phar'd} = 12
now pharyngeals and glottals
is ʀˁ possible?
that might actually be an epiglottal
i just wanted to get a 12
8 should be fine
it doesn't have to be a round number
{ħ, ʕ, ʔ, ʔˁ, ʜ, ʡ, h, ɦ} x {plain, lab} = 16
should i have glottal affricates? (ʔʰ)
{ħ, ʕ, ʔ, ʔˁ, ʜ, ʡ, h, ɦ, ʔʰ, ʔʰˁ, ʡʰ, ʡ’} x {plain, lab} = 16
24 sorry
108_12
108
is it supposed to be mp3?
R, Rr, Rc.mp3
it does sound like what i'd expect
that last one is sort of a fricated uvular trill
like a uvular ř
that means i'll include them
110z sounds! (z=dozenal)
now, coronals
dental, alveolar, postalveolar, retroflex, (apicovelar?), palatalized dental, pal'd alveolar, phar'd dental, phar'd alveolar, phar'd retroflex -> 9 POA's and we have many more MOA's
{n, hn, t, d, tʰ/tþ, dʰ/dð, þ, ð, tɬ, dɮ, ɬ, ɮ, nl, hnl, nʰ, nlʰ, t’, tɬ’, tþ’, ˀd, ˀdɮ, ˀdð} = 22 MOA's
or 1Az
9*1A = 146z coronals
+ 110z dorsals = 256z so far
we can add more MOA's
{l, flap, lateral flap} * 9 = 23z more consonants
279z consonants
then, trills!
{r, rh, ř, řh} * {alveolar, phar'd alv, postalv, phar'd retroflex} = 14z
291z consonants
actually sorry
{n, hn, t, d, tʰ/tþ, dʰ/dð, þ, ð, tɬ, dɮ, ɬ, ɮ, nl, hnl, nʰ, nlʰ, t’, tɬ’, tþ’, ˀd, ˀdɮ, ˀdð} * 9 POA's * {plain, labialized} = 9*1A*2 = 290z consonants
290z coronals + 14z trills + 110z dorsals = 3B4z in total
i could have more approximants
just 8 more to get to 400z
i'll propose ɰ̠ ɰ̟ ɰ̟ˤ ɰ̠͡ɻ ɰ̟͡ɻ ɰ̟ˤ͡ɻ ɰ̠ʷ ɰ̟ʷ ɰ̟ˤʷ ɰ̠͡ɻʷ ɰ̟͡ɻʷ ɰ̟ˤ͡ɻʷ
that's 10z though so we have 404z consonants
now, clicks!
{dental, alveolar, fricated alveolar, retroflex, fricated retroflex, alveolar lateral, retroflex lateral, palatal} x {!, g!, !h, g!h, n!, n!h, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar, uvular} x {normal, labialized} = 8x8x2x2 = 194z clicks
affricated clicks:
{dental, alveolar, fricated alveolar, retroflex, fricated retroflex, alveolar lateral, retroflex lateral, palatal} x {!, g!, n!, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar affricate, uvular affricate} x {normal, labialized} = 8x5x2x2 = 44z
that's 218z clicks
we have 620z consonants and no labials!
time to add labials
there can be four degrees of labialization: normal, lip rounding, simultaneous labial, the two previous ones together
that doubles the clicks to 434z
plus labial clicks:
{labial, labiodental} x {!, g!, !h, g!h, n!, n!h, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar, uvular} x {normal, labialized} = 2x8x2x2 = 54z
{labial, labiodental} x {!, g!, n!, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar affricate, uvular affricate} x {normal, labialized} = 2x5x2x2 = 34z that's 88z
sorry
{dental, alveolar, fricated alveolar, retroflex, fricated retroflex, alveolar lateral, retroflex lateral, palatal} x {!, g!, !h, g!h, n!, n!h, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar, uvular} x {normal, rounded, simultaneous labial, sim.labial+rounded} = 8x8x2x4 = 368z clicks
affricated clicks:
{dental, alveolar, fricated alveolar, retroflex, fricated retroflex, alveolar lateral, retroflex lateral, palatal} x {!, g!, n!, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar affricate, uvular affricate} x {normal, rounded, simultaneous labial, sim.labial+rounded} = 8x5x2x4 = 228z
plus labial clicks:
{labial, labiodental} x {!, g!, !h, g!h, n!, n!h, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar, uvular} x {normal, labialized} = 2x8x2x2 = 54z
{labial, labiodental} x {!, g!, n!, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar affricate, uvular affricate} x {normal, labialized} = 2x5x2x2 = 34z that's 88z
368+228+88 = 368+2B4 = 660z clicks
660z + 404z = A64z consonants
158z left
linguolabials!
{n, hn, t, d, tʰ/tþ, dʰ/dð, þ, ð, tɬ, dɮ, ɬ, ɮ, nl, hnl, nʰ, nlʰ, t’, tɬ’, tþ’, ˀd, ˀdɮ, ˀdð} = 1A MOA's in linguolabial -> 1Az consonants
that's A82z in total
Linguolabial clicks:
{linguolabial} x {!, g!, !h, g!h, n!, n!h, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar, uvular} x {normal} = 8x2 = 14z
{linguolabial} x {!, g!, n!, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar affricate, uvular affricate} x {normal} = 5x2 = Az that's 22z
A82+22 = AA4z in total (118z left)
labials!
{m, hm, p, b, ɸ, β, pʰ, bʰ, mʰ, p’, pɸ', ˀb} x {normal, labial} x {normal, palatal, pharyngeal, k̠p, k̟p, qpˁ} = 100z consonants
so we have BA4z consonants
18z more to go!
ʋ ʋʲ ʋˤ ʋʷ ʋʷʲ ʋʷˤ ʙ ʙʲ ʙˤ ʙ̥ ʙ̥ʲ ʙ̥ˤ: 8 more to go
these can be alveolar nonsibilant fricatives
θ̠ θ̠ʷ θ̠ʲ θ̠ʷʲ ð̠ ð̠ʷ ð̠ʲ ð̠ʷʲ
we're done!
1000z consonants
"Uupek"
there are technically gaps in the chart (e.g. no retroflex nonsibilant fricatives) as well as unused combinations (nasalized fricatives ...)
but i'd prefer to stop it at 1000z
vowels: a i u a: i: u:
Future Gelorian
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | voiceless | /m̥/ | /n̥/ | /ŋ̊/ | ||||
plain | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | |||||
Stop | tenuis | /p/ | /t/ | /k/ | ||||
voiced | /b/ | /d/ | ||||||
ejective | /pʼ/ | /tʼ/ | /kʼ/ | |||||
Fricative/Affricate | voiceless | /f/ | /θ/ | /s/ | /x/ | /ħ/ | /h/ | |
voiced | /v/ | /ð/ | /z/ | /ɣ/ | /ʕ/ | |||
ejective | /tθʼ/ | /tsʼ/ | ||||||
Trill | voiceless | /r̥/ | ||||||
voiced | /r/ | |||||||
Approximant | voiceless | /ʍ/ | /l̥/ | |||||
voiced | /w/ | /l/ | /ɹ/ | /j/ |
Alternate PPfK
m n ŋ ŋʷ ɴ ɴʷ
m’ n’ ŋ’ ŋʷ’ ɴ’ ɴʷ’
p t ts tɬ k kʷ q qʷ ʔ
p’ t’ ts’ tɬ’ k’ kʷ’ q’ qʷ’
s ɬ x xʷ χ χʷ h
s’ ɬ’ x’ xʷ’ χ’ χʷ’
l r w j
l’ r’ w’ j’
a i u ə ā ī ū
Yan tan tethara
- txīmo, sīmo, noxxū, xoxxū, tzouo, chauo, raxxū, uaya, paxxū, chaya?
- txīmo, txixxū, noxxū, xoxxū, tzoxxū, chauo, raxxū, yaxxū, paxxū, chaya?
Poshic
- b d ʒ λ ǯ g (like Korean ㄱ)
- p t c ƛ č k (like Korean ㅋ)
- tt cc ƛƛ čč kk (like Korean ㄲ)
- s ł š h
- r w y
- i ue u
- e oe eo o
- ae a
Unknown Quame branch
Consonants:
p t ts tɬ tʃ k q ʔ
b~v d~ð dz~z dʒ~ʒ g~ɣ
f s ɬ ʃ h
m n w l r j
- kʷēma > teyma
- tiłōr > šiłoyr
- nazgē > nadzgey > nagdzey
- λaup'ē > džaupey
- caliłē > tšaliłey
- stāma > šayma
- rōdē > roydey
- lozedē > lozedey
- pʼazgʷē > padzgey > pagdzey
- qʼeyōr > ʔeyoyr > yoyr
A Damin
- Nasals: ɱ n̼ ɳ ɲ
- Plosives: d̼ ʈ c'
- Affricates: tθ ʡħ
- Fricatives: ð̼ θ̱ ç
- Clicks: ʞ
- Liquids: ʙ ʟ ʢ
- vowels: y ɤ æ
CW Minlang #1
/t k n a i ə/
Tuna Sandwich
Vowels are doubled for length.
- ₳ = /a/
- ฿ = /b/
- ₫ = /ð/
- ₯ = /ɮ/
- € = /i/
- ¢ = /k/
- ¢¢ = /ts/
- ₡ = /kʷ/
- ₲ = /qʷ/
- ₣ = /w/
- ₰ = /f/
- ₴ = /ʔ/
- Ħ = /h/
- ₭ = /x/
- £ = /l/
- ₤ = /ɬ/
- ℳ = /m/
- ₦ = /n/
- ¤ = /ə/
- ₱ = /p/
- ₧ = /r/
- $ = /s/
- ₪ = /ʃ/
- ৳ = /tʃ/
- ₮ = /tɬ/
- ₩ = /u/
- X̱ = /χ/
- ¥ = /j/
- zł = /zʷ/
Coffeebrew
ha-: declarative
ze-: interrogative
she-, le-, be-, mi-, ...
lakov: person
iktzaf: language
mutza: be
me-dosh: sea
shakfa - go
daldelet - bird
Haimuktzatzaf: I am a language.
Haimuktzatzafiya: I am not a language.
Halamukotzav: I am a person.
ha-147258693: 123 456's 789
Halakodalkofadeltov: The man likes the bird
ze-124375869: does 123 456 789?
Ricelandic
Quame substrate
p pʰ b t tʰ d ts tsʰ dz k kʰ g q qʰ ɢ
f v s z h m n ŋ l ɬ r w y ʟ ʟ̥
a ā e ē i ī o ō u ū
rū = 1
loze = 2
dō = 3
mara = 4
bila = 5
dendza = 6
rūd = 7
lozed = 8
pazwa = 9
waru = 10
Blablabla
Brüschlingssträpfchenentzürmungsdreicherwildeleischenerbröpflichkeitsspülzergebraußerspeichelsmäudsgrefferklittenwertsbrimmendlicherungsschnäfternascherndräckelbassungsbärzenherdlichengerützelbeunungströtterbeteibertenspründerschlettengeschärtungsentdraufengeschiemlichkeitsneftertreuenhauscheraufstrüpfenanwadlungsstaufengrammlermeitscherluchseneinstrupfungsgeweidsschmesserdornenbekeifersträmpferentblüstungsgefrützerhaumenrießenschweiherbockerschaftsbedeuferungsbezandlungsgestürdenscheuchterdachsergeisterzerbrüttungsfrätterschoffergriedenteckenschwindsgemerzenheitsbrauftenscharnesspeizendentkremmensielesstrüstergezwohrenenvergräuferspeilenhuftschuckerverwaftungsschmagenentdränzerwinkenmeundenbielerglüftenverzäumlichkeitspfarnengortenspahlenentschrangenkrindenschufendriechengreierschnockenwiegerwungenschieberdähmenstuchtgejästnisgräbenspunkereienschneiligungsspürzenknafterschaumenbrußenbedreuernisjackerkeldungsheidenschmüsselnzudrenkenrumpferleigungsbehedigungsschweiterwackengesteckerbeizerwendungsfrüchlingszweibenseiderschangenhubergeidengemermlichkeitsgelechterschlammengogengettenberzlerfiegenlundenbädelnspanderquändelerbeichenstahrgebütenhenerbluhnenentzängerbreumenbefärzigergampfendreigenschaftszerbrenklungsgebrohungsschmindlergaftengaufsgekemmtenbräuzchenzerkreinerndenschleitenhaufsdröffernzerschwällenzwünderdreisungsenttrebenpflingergreuferschmaunenverrümmerkreibenquängerheitsschmatterverzwenkerungsflebereibenguftenjangereideldreibengangenbleizerbehürberschierdequammerhüngenbrössenbekleiterzwandengemiegerzeistigungsbegählnisberachtungsschwadenkrütteranklaumenschweicherleinerbröhnungsneidelnkufenschrankenziederdrabenschöhlerbruhnspeutscherentgäumungsvergürblichungsverweidnisglündergehuhmendreucherbeibengreusteszwerterschründereienbücklingserstorchenspienerhetschergohrenausschweislichkeitenlemdengetranderschrifferbeschlecherlingswingerkrantengedärzerzärncheneinfleuderhackerstälzenbriednisseigerungsverdraußerräuchselstommerfrätzelschlünterstürglingszwätcheneinblittenspüßenentdried
Die Breige hüben friene Grauscher,
in siefe ausgepferzte dauscher;
Säder brinnt zer einem Wist,
Fagel hirzen leine drisst.
Beđehn' die dir in Ŧimst entfeißet,
gim itzo Feuche haben,
und Meden brassen was mich sŧeißet,
Đechse vorzuschraben.
Wenngleich das Werg in Krafe seucht,
mieŧ' ich wie Sprame gürfen;
Denn mich bekriest die weistlich' Dreucht,
die mich in Reune stürfen.
Mein Günden heigt im färz'gen Harbe;
was mich zur gracken Fasen funget.
Feisen Ŧickmasionen ŧarbe,
neifen sie herch hinbrunget.
Was Zühlen erkeifet, bacht heinaden Gand;
Mein' Kründ'rung erbrauget und diro getrannt.
Die Juchtlingen pfriechender Häumchen zu henken,
Verschwilligereien, die itzund uns brenken.
Wir reftmunschig braußen,
mit zärbenden Faußen,
Ermeie uns, wenn unser' Berze dir schmannt!
Future Korean
Should be Irishy
Themsarian/de
- Der korrekte Titel dieses Artikels lautet "Themsarisch".
Die themsarische Sprache, auch bezeichnet als Edles Themsarisch, ist eine alte talsmische Sprache, die im Andaegṓr-Imperium gebräuchlich war.
Netagin/de
PIE in Hebrew
This Hebrew abjadic script is based on the glottalic theory: "voiced" stops are written as Hebrew emphatic consonants, and "breathy voiced" stops are written as voiced stops. Also note that the "palatal" series of stops is transcribed with the Hebrew affricate series (thus showing a coincidental Satem bias).
Consonants | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||
palatal | plain | labial | |||||
Nasal | מ *m | נ *n | |||||
Plosive | voiceless | פ *p | ת *t | ס *ḱ | כ *k | כ׳ *kʷ | |
voiced/ejective? | (פ׳ *b) | ט *d | צ *ǵ | ק *g | ק׳ *gʷ | ||
(breathy) voiced | ב *bʰ | ד *dʰ | ז *ǵʰ | ג *gʰ | ג׳ *gʷʰ | ||
Fricative | ש *s | א *Ø ה *h₁ ע *h₂ ע׳ *h₃ | |||||
Liquid | ר *r ל *l |
||||||
Semivowel | י *y | ו *w |
Ablaut grades | |
---|---|
אֶ *e | אָ *o |
אֵ *ē | אֹ *ō |
אְ *Ø |
Schleicher's fable
עָ֫וְיְש הֶ֫סְוׂשךֶ׳
h2ówis h1ék’wōskwe
עָ֫וְיְש, יֶ֫שְמְין עְוְלְעְנֶ֫ע נֶאֶ֫הֶשְת, טֶטָרְסֶ הֶ֫סְוָנְש, תָ֫ם, וָ֫זָם קֶ֫׳רְעְוְם וֶ֫זָנְתְם, תָ֫ם, בָ֫רָם מֶ֫צָעְם, תָ֫ם, דְזֶ֫מָנְם עָאְסְ֫ו בֶ֫רָנְתְם. עָ֫וְיְש הֶ֫סְוָבָש אֶוֶוְכֶ׳(ת): סֵרְט עְגְנְוְתָי מָי וְיְטְנְתֶ֫י דְזְמָ֫נְם הֶ֫סְוָנְש עֶ֫זצָנְתְם. הֶ֫סְוׂש הֶוֶוְך׳: סְלְוְדְי, עָוְי! סֵרְט עְגְנְוְתָי וְיְטְנְתְבָ֫ש: דְזֶ֫מֹ(ן), פָ֫תְיְס, עְוְלְנֶ֫עְם עָ֫וְיָם כְ׳נֶוְתְי שֶ֫בָי גִ֫׳רְמָם וֶ֫שְתְרָם; עֶ֫וְיְבָשךֶ׳ וְלְעְנֶ֫ע נֶ֫הֶסְתְי. תָ֫ט סֶסְלְוְוׂ֫ש עָ֫וְיְש עֶ֫צְרָם אֶבְוְקֶ(ת).
h2ówis, (H)jésmin h2wlh2néh2 ne éh1est, dedork’e (h1)ék’wons, tóm, wóg’hom gwérh2um wég’hontm, tóm, bhórom még’oh2m, tóm, dhg’hémonm h2oHk’ú bhérontm. h2ówis (h1)ék’wobhos ewewkwe(t): k’ḗrd h2ghnutoj moj widntéj dhg’hmónm (h1)ék’wons h2ég’ontm. (h1)ék’wōs ewewkw: k’ludhí, h2ówi! k’ḗrd h2ghnutoj widntbhós: dhg’hémō(n), pótis, h2wlnéh2m h2ówjom kwnewti sébhoj gwhérmom wéstrom; h2éwibhoskwe h2wlh2néh2 né h1esti. Tód k’ek’luwṓs h2ówis h2ég’rom ebhuge(t).
Semitic notes
u/i merge: Ge'ez; a/i merge: (kinda) Hebrew; a/u merge: (kinda) Socovíc as of 3/16/2015
North Semlang 2nd try
- still want conditional a/u merger and nasal Vs
- i-umlaut
- a, u > ø / _Ci
- ā > é / _Ci
- u > ø / _Ci
- ū > ý / _Ci
- aw > ǿ / _Ci
- ay > í / _Ci
- need to start from triptotic declension here:
PNSem
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | yawmu | yawmā(mi) | yawmū(ma) |
Accusative | yawma | yawmay(mi) | yawmī(ma) |
Genitive | yawmi | yawmay(mi) | yawmī(ma) |
Early
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | jóm | jómá(mi) | jómú(m) |
Accusative | jóm~jómi | jómé(mi) | jómí(m) |
Genitive | jómi | jómé(mi) | jómí(m) |
Judeo-Indo-Aryan
A modern Indo-Aryan language spoken by Jews in India.
- Use Babylonian Hebrew, not Tiberian Hebrew
- Differs more from Hindustani than Yiddish does from German
- Lot of additional palatalization
Atzòpic
Atzòpic | |
---|---|
hìzbut atzòpį | |
Pronunciation | [[Help:IPA|atsəˈpĩ]] |
Created by | – |
Zachydic
| |
Early form | Old Atzòpic
|
Neguąsitł Linguifeczix, acthìzbutètł dǫsix uicìx!
Motivated by Raxic C[+ejective]V > Atzòpic C[-ejective]V[+creaky] - Hence the ejectives disappear.
/ks/ > /xs/ > /ʃ/
Seven cases:
- nominative -Ø
- accusative -z
- genitive -c (animate sg.?)/-z (inanimate sg.?)/-u (animate pl.?)
- dative -tł
- locative-comitative -x
- ablative -ː~ (nasalized vowel)
- instrumental -ːl
Vowels change according to historical stress positions as well as historical ejective consonants. The Ractamic stress/vowel system start out similarly to Latin, but develop in very different directions.
Consonants | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||
central | lateral | plain | labialized | ||||||
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | [ŋ] | ||||||
Plosive | tenuis | p /p/ | t /t/ | c /k/ | qu /kʷ/ | h /ʔ/ | |||
aspirated | b /pʰ/ | d /tʰ/ | g /kʰ/ | gu /kʷʰ/ | |||||
Fricative | f /f/ | z /s~z/ | ł /ɬ/ | x /ʃ/ | [ʰ~ɦ] | ||||
Affricate | tenuis | tz /ts/ | tł /tɬ/ | tx /tʃ/ | |||||
aspirated | dz /tsʰ/ | dł /tɬʰ/ | dx /tʃʰ/ | ||||||
Approximant | s /ɹ/ | l /l/ | y /j/ | u /w/ | |||||
Trill | r /r/ |
Music theory terminology
- blackwood[10] major: rāmáth 'diurnal'
- blackwood[10] minor: mináth 'nocturnal'
- the different ways of subtly tuning/i.e. well-temperaments are called 'seasons' (that lengthen or shorten the day and night).
Diachronics lab
Pluractionality ≈ antipassive
we exc/inc > we formal/intimate
Demonstrative/definite affix > construct state: PL-clam-those [of the] man > PL-clam-CONST man
Classifiers are in construct state
this CL NOUN > the.GENDER NOUN
apposition NOUN-1SG NOUN > CL-1SG NOUN > of_i-1SG NOUN_i
PREP-3SG NOUN > CASE.SG-NOUN
CONJ VERB NOUN > PREP NOUN
evidential-marking "because" or "therefore", as opposed to the protasis verb
feminine > abstract > honorific