User:Frrurtu/Sandbox2
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Phonology
Consonants
Zoki possesses the following consonant phonemes:
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | *m /m/ | *n /n/ | *ny /ɳ/ | *ng /ŋ/ | |||
| Plosive | *p /p/ *b /b/ *pp /pʰ/ |
*t /t/ *d /d/ *tt /tʰ/ |
*k /k/ *g /g/ *kk /kʰ/ |
||||
| Fricative | *f /f/ *v /v/ |
*th /θ/ *dh /ð/ |
*s /s/ *z /z/ |
*sh /ʃ/ *zh /ʒ/ |
*h /h/ | ||
| Affricate | *ch /tɕ/ *j /dʑ/ |
||||||
| Approximant | *w /w/ | *l /l/ *r /ɹ/ |
*y /j/ |
Vowels
The following vowel phonemes are used:
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i /i/ ì /iɐ/ |
u /u/ ù /uɐ/ | |
| Mid-high | é /e/ è /eɐ/ |
ó /o/ ò /oɐ/ | |
| Low-mid | e /ɛ/ | û /ɐ/ | o /ɔ/ |
| Low | a /a/ | â /ɑ/ (ấ /ɑɐ/) |
- The distinction between /ɑ/ and /ɑɐ/ is a remnant of the historical vowel length distinction in Old Zoki; vowel shifts since the Old Zoki period have diphthongized most instances of the historical long vowels, while the short vowels have altered in quality. However, in the case of short and long historical */ɔ/, most speakers have merged them to /ɑ/; the diphthongization of historical long */ɔ/ to /ɑɐ/ is now considered a dying feature.