Eta-Talmic/Swadesh list
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No. | English | Proto-Talmic |
---|---|---|
1 | I | nā |
2 | you (singular) | wēr |
3 | he | ham |
4 | we | |
5 | you (plural) | |
6 | they | |
7 | this | mé /meː/ (exc), sé /seː/ (inc) |
8 | that | cé /tʃeː/ |
9 | here | |
10 | there | |
11 | who | |
12 | what | taqʷs |
13 | where | |
14 | when | |
15 | how | |
16 | not | miso (indicative), δā /daː/ (imperative) |
17 | all | bá /baː/ |
18 | many | aor, aora |
19 | some | cuíth, cuíthe |
20 | few | ŋáth, ŋátha |
21 | other | ussom |
22 | one | kʷēməm |
23 | two | tiθōr |
24 | three | nasge |
25 | four | δaube |
26 | five | soliθe |
27 | big | aφardam |
28 | long | foinne, foinní /føːnə/ |
29 | wide | θənkojom |
30 | thick | boktom |
31 | heavy | garməm |
32 | small | cell, ceill /tʃɛʟ/ |
33 | short | dois, doise /dœs/ |
34 | narrow | snaŋ, snaiŋ /snaŋ/ |
35 | thin | floir, floire /fʟœl/ |
36 | woman | kabnənts /kawnə/ (f) |
37 | man (adult male) | sos, sosta /sɔs/ (m) |
38 | man (human being) | kwarəm |
39 | child | tektə |
40 | wife | kabnənts |
41 | husband | sos, sosta /sɔs/ (m) |
42 | mother | ēmas |
43 | father | annōr |
44 | animal | cúth, cúthar (f) |
45 | fish | bún, búin /bʉːn, byːn/ (m) |
46 | bird | duír, duírte (m) |
47 | dog | saobh, saoibh (m) |
48 | louse | clae, claea (m) |
49 | snake | sóm, sóma (m) |
50 | worm | luabhadh, luabhta (m) |
51 | tree | mārom |
52 | forest | feog, feogar (f) /foːg, foːgəl/ |
53 | stick | aeras, aersa (m) |
54 | fruit | skorajos (m) |
55 | seed | φlānəm (m) |
56 | leaf | tamē |
57 | root | fonas, fonsa /fɔnəs, fɔnsə/ (m) |
58 | bark (of a tree) | sucht, suchta /sʊxt, sʊxtə/ (m) |
59 | flower | cathar, caither (m) |
60 | grass | cnó, cnóa (m) |
61 | rope | léd, léda (m) |
62 | skin | saŋŋ (f) |
63 | meat | ŋobhtha, ŋobhthar /ŋɔfθə/ (f) |
64 | blood | ʁigabos /iəv/ (f) |
65 | bone | smodh, smodhar (f) |
66 | fat (noun) | úgha, úghaí (m) |
67 | egg | |
68 | horn | tóda, tódar (f) |
69 | tail | floch, flocha (m) |
70 | feather | snárra, snárrar (f) |
71 | hair | frenn, freinn (m) |
72 | head | wīrom; bastəm |
73 | ear | φantā (f) |
74 | eye | φēkəs (f) |
75 | nose | beon, beonta (m) |
76 | mouth | cú, cúa (m) |
77 | tooth | traqis /tɾɛŋ/ (f) |
78 | tongue (organ) | sár, sáir (m) |
79 | fingernail | cábh, cáibh (m) |
80 | foot | mogh, moghar (f) |
81 | leg | dinen, dinner (f) |
82 | knee | stégal, stéglar (f) |
83 | hand | tīmē |
84 | wing | sterr, sterrar (f) |
85 | belly | deŋ, deŋar (f) |
86 | guts | túibher (f) |
87 | neck | riφtos (n) |
88 | back | blíon, blíona (m) |
89 | breast | doc, docar (f) |
90 | heart | gún, gúnta (m) |
91 | liver | suirte, suirter (f) |
92 | to drink | gnúi, gnúigh, gnúiín, gnúithe, gnúi |
93 | to eat | desc, cáigh, déicín, déctha, descach |
94 | to bite | asúgh, asúgh, asúghín, asúghta, asú |
95 | to suck | sát, sátaigh, sítín, sátatha, sátach |
96 | to spit | scíobh, scíobhaigh, scíobhín, scíobhta, scíobhach |
97 | to vomit | líobh, líobhaigh, líobhín, líobhta, líobhach |
98 | to blow | sráil, sráiligh, sráilín, sráilte, sráilech |
99 | to breathe | níomh, níomhaigh, níomhín, níomhta, níomhach |
100 | to laugh | ŋasar, ŋasraigh, ŋasrín, ŋasarta, ŋasrach |
101 | to see | tóil, tóimigh, ésrín, tóimte, dácha |
102 | to hear | sobhal, sobhlaigh, sobhlín, sobhalta, soibhel |
103 | to know | laidh cáid ú le X |
104 | to think | docan, docnaigh, docnín, docnata, docan |
105 | to smell | toŋŋ, toŋŋaigh, tiŋŋín, toŋŋta, taŋŋ |
106 | to fear | laidh gobhas ar X |
107 | to sleep | éint, éintigh, éintín, éintete, éintech /iːnt, iːntəx/ |
108 | to live | arm, armaigh, armín, armta, arm |
109 | to die | asaŋ, asŋaigh, asŋín, asŋata, asaiŋŋt |
110 | to kill | fuithen, fuithnigh |
111 | to fight | nes, nesaigh, nesín, nesta, nesach |
112 | to hunt | nacht, nachtaigh, nachtín, nachtata, nachtach |
113 | to hit | soŋŋ, sógaigh, sóigín, sógtaigh, saŋŋ |
114 | to cut | tremh, tremhaigh, treimhín, tremhta, tremhach |
115 | to split | crós, crósigh, crisín, crosta, crasta |
116 | to stab | baisil, baisligh, baislín, baiselte, baislech |
117 | to scratch | srioch, srioch, sriochaín, sriochta, sriochach |
118 | to dig | dolabh, dolabhaigh, dolabhín, dolabhta, dolabhach |
119 | to swim | derraiŋ, derraiŋigh, derraiŋín, derraiŋte, derraiŋŋt |
120 | to fly | eádh, eádhaigh, eádhín, eádhata, eádh |
121 | to walk | crígh, crígh, críghín, críghte, crígh |
122 | to come | déir, sordaigh, déirín, sordata, sord |
123 | to lie (as in a bed) | aird, airdigh, airdín, airdete, aird (to be lying) |
124 | to sit | dolas, dolasaigh, doilesín, dolasta, dolas |
125 | to stand | dothach, dothaigh, dothín, dothata, dothach |
126 | to turn (intransitive) | fulda, fálaigh, fulmáín, fáltaigh, fálach |
127 | to fall | rolath, rolathaigh, rolathín, rolastaigh, rolas |
128 | to give | scobh, arfaigh, áibín, scobhta, ascabh |
129 | to hold | dóm, dómaigh, dómín, dómta, dóm |
130 | to squeeze | nioc, niocaigh, nicín, nioctha, nioc |
131 | to rub | róich, róichigh, róichín, róichte, róichech |
132 | to wash | blae, blae, blaeín, blaetha, blae |
133 | to wipe | clodh, clodhaigh, clidhín, clóta, cladh |
134 | to pull | uiper, uiprigh, uiprín, uiperte, uiprech |
135 | to push | srao, srao, sraoín, sraotha, srao |
136 | to throw | scún, scúnaigh, scúinín, scúnta, scún |
137 | to tie | madhan, madhnaigh, madhnín, madhnata, madhnach |
138 | to sew | miath, miathaigh, miathín, miathata, miathach |
139 | to count | slach, slachaigh, slachaín, slachta, slach |
140 | to say | gémh, tobhaigh, tibhín, toichte, gelŋa |
141 | to sing | gál, gálaigh, gálín, gálta, gálach /gɑʟ, gɑʟəx/ |
142 | to play | bothal, bothlaigh, bothlín, bothalta, bothlach |
143 | to float | torbh, torbhaigh, tirbhín, torbhata, tarbh |
144 | to flow | rulc, rulcaigh, rulcaín, rulctha, rulcach |
145 | to freeze | ásc, áscaigh, áscaín, áscata, áscach |
146 | to swell | |
147 | sun | undō |
148 | moon | sausmam |
149 | star | ilmē |
150 | water | jenaqʷs |
151 | rain | quids |
152 | river | leqnom |
153 | lake | wekwtī |
154 | sea | smó, smóa /smoː, smoːə/ (m), fón, fóna (m) |
155 | salt | caeth, caetha (m) |
156 | stone | neild, neilder (f) |
157 | sand | ŋorr, ŋorra (m) |
158 | dust | síogh (m) |
159 | earth | luabh /ʟuəv/ (f) |
160 | cloud | beŋŋa, beŋŋar /bɛŋə, bɛŋəl/ (f) |
161 | fog | stioch, stiocha /stɪx, stɪxə/ (m) |
162 | sky | gweusō (f) |
163 | wind | coll, colla /kɔʟ/ (m) |
164 | snow | suíobh, suíobha /siːv/ (m) |
165 | ice | ʁagutom |
166 | smoke | |
167 | fire | stuφs |
168 | ash | |
169 | to burn | fuith, fuist |
170 | road | griabh /gɾiəv/ (f) |
171 | mountain | scaimh /skɛw/ (m) |
172 | red | lós, lósa /ʟɵːs/ |
173 | green | bes, besa /bɛs/ |
174 | yellow | raech, raecha /ɾeːx/ |
175 | white | eo, eotha /ɵː/ |
176 | black | ŋiúl, ŋiúil /ŋʊʟ/ |
177 | night | míon, míonar /miːn/ (m) |
178 | day | ruaigh, ruaithe /ɾyəj/ (m) |
179 | year | fál, fálta /ˈfaːʟ/ (m) |
180 | warm | fúnn, fúnna /fʉːn/ |
181 | cold | srabh, sraibh /sɾav/ |
182 | full | tuíoch, tuích |
183 | new | serŋ, serŋa /sɛlŋ/ |
184 | old | daer, daera |
185 | good | sámh, sáimh /saːw, seːw/ |
186 | bad | foig, foige |
187 | rotten | ŋáiden, ŋáidin |
188 | dirty | tagar, tagair |
189 | straight | biúl, biúil |
190 | round | snú, snúa /snʉː/ |
191 | sharp (as a knife) | ŋiath, ŋéith |
192 | dull (as a knife) | lonnan, lonnain |
193 | smooth | bád, báid |
194 | wet | gias, géis |
195 | dry | ŋrae, ŋraea |
196 | correct | merg, meirg |
197 | near | stágh, stáigh |
198 | far | ŋelan, ŋelain |
199 | right | soŋan |
200 | left | breth |
201 | at | dē |
202 | in | dē |
203 | with | co |
204 | and | ankw |
205 | if | |
206 | because | |
207 | name | welis |