User:IlL/Spare pages 1/45

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IlL/Spare pages 1/45
Wiob-Nkahn
Pronunciation	[/wiob ᵑgaːn/]
Created by	IlL
Setting	Verse:Tricin
Language family	Wiobic IlL/Spare pages 1/45

IlL/Spare pages 1/45 (Wiobem-Nkahn or colloquially Wiob-Nkahn) is one of the major languages of Bjeheond. It is loosely inspired by Germanic and Southeast Asian languages. It's a relative of Tsjoen.

Numbers: ßozz, klie, skah, moj, fah, ies, nteht, nuot, ngaht, ziu

ma = negative

nkelei Piontels tur Bojels. = I speak of love and hate.

Idea

A "Sinospheric Finnish", or "Chinese with cases"

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Medial	Velar	Lab.vel.	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/	ń /ɲ/	ng /ŋ/
Plosive	voiceless	p /p/	t /t/	z /c/	k /k/	qu /kʷ/
	prenasalized	mp /ᵐb/	nt /ⁿd/	ńz /ᶮɟ/	nk /ᵑg/	nqu /ᵑgʷ/
	voiced	b /b/	d /d/	ɟ /ɟ/
Fricative	plain	f /f~v/	ß /s~z/ þ /θ~ð/	s /ç~ʝ/	g /x~ɣ/	ƕ /ʍ/	h /h/
	prenasalized	mf /ᵐv/	nß /ⁿz/
Liquid			r /r/; l /l/	ŕ /ɹ/
Approximant				j /j/		w /w/

Notes

• Voiceless plosives are not aspirated.
• /ᵐb ⁿd ᶮɟ ᵑg/ devoice to [ᵐp ⁿt ᶮc ᵑk] word-finally.
• /b d ɟ/ are often realized as implosives.
• The fricatives ß s g are voiced intervocalically.

Vowels

IlL/Spare pages 1/45 has short and long versions of the following monophthongs (except for /ə/ which only occurs in unstressed syllables). Long vowels are marked with a following h.

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i /i/	ü /y/	u /u/
Close-mid	e /e/	ö /ø/	o /o/
Mid		(e /ə/)
Open-mid	ä /ɛ/		å /ɔ/
Open		a /a/

Diphthongs: ai au ei öü ou ie io iu üö uo

Prosody

Stress

Most of the time, the stress falls on the first syllable. Exceptions are verb prefixes and sesquisyllables.

Phonotactics

The syllable structure is (C)(C)V(C)s, where V can be a vowel or a diphthong.

Morphology

Nouns

Nßäht 'tree'

Nominative	Nßäht
Genitive	Nßähtem
Illative	Nßähter
Inessive	Nßähtel
Elative	Nßähtels
Allative/Dative	Nßähtene
Adessive	Nßähten
Ablative	Nßähtens
Instrumental/Comitative	Nßähtemp
Essive	Nßähtezz
Translative	Nßähtenk
Abessive	Nßähtmakk

Plurals are formed with nto-, so: Ntonßäht (trees), Ntonßähtem (of trees), ...

Old IlL/Spare pages 1/45 used -er as an accusative and -el for both the illative and inessive.

Article

The equivalent of the definite article in IlL/Spare pages 1/45 is a classifier (as in Hmong), but it's placed after the noun and carries the case marker. The noun before a classifier is prescriptively in the genitive case, but it's often dropped.

• Nßäht koþem (presc. and in older IlL/Spare pages 1/45 Nßähtem koþem) 'of the tree'
• Nßähtem 'of a tree'

Pronouns

Pronouns
	Singular	Plural
1	nkohz	tahs
2	mei	wäll
3	mpa (animate), mpi (inanimate)

Case suffixes attach to nkuo-, tah-, mei-, and wäh- respectively: nkuom Mpahng = my hand nkuols = from me; about me

Verbs

Subject affixes

Subject affixes
	Singular	Plural
1	nke-	te-
2	en-	le-
3	-

These are really clitic forms of pronouns. So for example nkelei has the same connotation as nkohz lei, but nkohz nkelei is emphatic, like saying "Myself, I speak".

Verbs otherwise don't inflect.

Action nouns are formed with the suffix -(e)me, from the genitive clitic followed by an eroded form of ion (to do). For example: Leime = speaking

Ideophones

• nungnung describes humidity or doing something slowly and reluctantly.
• ntokbok connotes hurrying or a lot of activity at one place.
• ngollmoll describes a boiling liquid.

Derivational morphology

• -ed = agentive

Syntax

The unmarked word order in IlL/Spare pages 1/45 is SVO. Due to the influence of Tsjoen, Modern IlL/Spare pages 1/45 is quite strict about it (though objects could be fronted for emphasis).

Serial verbs are also common in IlL/Spare pages 1/45; all verbs but the last in a serial verb chain are in the ablative.

Mpa fiuntens lei = He came and spoke.