Eighth edition lekma

A conlang named lekma /ˈɥexmä/ is an experimental language, language Type (aiming): it is a miniature, being low amount of distinct categories, half of lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages, rests are from many others. it is for aid of learning about languages, making is to learn about languages.

words are full nouns or morpheme nouns

nouns: +morpheme nouns(that are intransitives), +adjective nouns(monotransitives), +demonstrative nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +verb-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +enclitics(they turn nouns to full nouns): demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, adjectival suffix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, verbal suffix: l,hel/ɦel/(habitual, nominaliser), had/ɦät/(subjunctive) aaena, aauda/ŋdɐ/(processive) aaein,aaeni,aandi/ˈ..ndi/(perfective, an,en,ne,hen/ɦen/, vowel to nasalise+/en/(nominaliser).

full nouns are indicative forms. borrowing words from other languages enter the group of adjective full noun, some then enter full nouns. VO phrases are also full nouns. e are null vowel null consonants if they are free from diacritics.

• (you might find pseudo phonetic notation in this site)

Phonemes Nasal: mam(m) nan(dental n,ɲ) uâu(ŋ) Stop: bab(b-p) dad(dental d-t) cac(k-ɡ) aâe(ʔ) Sibilant affricate: zae(t͡s voiced-devoiced) tât(ʈ͡ʂ) Sibilant fricative: sas(s-palatal s) xarse(ç-ʂ) Fricative: fâf(f) vàe(ʋ) kak(χ-x,k) iáe(ʝ) hae(ɦ) Trill: rae(ʀ-r) Approximant: `(short u) lál,uae(ɥ-ʎ,l) ´(short i) har(short turned a)

Close aie,aîe(i iː) aüe,aúe(y yː) aïe,aui(ɯ:) aue,aûe(u uː) Mid aee,aêe,eäe,aei(e eː) aöe,aeu(ø øː) aëe(ɤ) aoe,aôe(o oː) aao(turned v:) Open aae,aaa,aâe,aai(ä ɐ äː)

found laa/ga:/ so some are irregular.
gemination affects vowel before it to lengthen or something then it is simplified.
tone rises at words initially. i(ǀ) start citing, (end cite), ǃ(ǂ) exclamation, before a loan word.
dalse càe látin, vàe áleman, bae látin, cae látin, kae eskanól, aüe elínica, meidallaoduilekma. e lao u aèi velar nasal.

Syntacs Type: SVO. focal ergative noun • verbal transitive noun objective noun adjectival suffix + topic noun / verbal stative noun adjective noun adjectival suffix + topic noun / topic noun • adjective noun adjectival suffix, where a middle dot separates phrases, phrases can switch their places.

an object right after the verbal noun needs no suffix nor particle. an object before the verb needs a support of an objectival particle.

Text

of it is what. nerca sèdno nac-har séd-nan i.be swed-ish

of this is what. famseldoclea fam sel-doc-leh-har fruits are-this-place-of

nacioneus uekma. neidoc. is.romlang uekma it.is.not uekma is a romlang. no, it's not.

of who does what. hainimdaines doc hai nim daines doc they eat some-of this

aside from the phonemic orthography, numerals are written with. 0123456789,10,11,12. is oinmfvksba.io/x,ii/e,in/z.

it is dull to build the lexicon.

Lexics c24 x v3 x c24 plus i u h e sk lk ls lm nt etc. mam*mom mim mum mon miu muu mac miz muk mil mul mai*value nac*i nacmi*europant naciò*romlang nal nui*snake nuf nab nul*down nim*eat niska nat uil*arm uih*then bim bab beb bid*house boske*forest bah*brace diu dol*fish dad*dad dek dui*do what dál*draw cac cuf cal cilke aam*aim aas aal aelkä abbreviated to e*accompanying with aolsë or o*compared with den*keep deh*hang zil zul zah*nail zeica*sore tam tau*fang tal*string tin tax tic sel*be by súmmi*water sul süe*you seh*be sud saf xan xul*up xai*why xei*what xui*how,when fam*fruits fun foù*fire kalmê kum kat*hands kalke ham han*he neuter hai*they singular vad*what,who vie*why,how vaska von*when,where rac*cross ril*lough len*wind lan*group lis*smile lal*pilor lul*food iel*slope ser*being.

Part of speech.
There is noun, noun whose root acts as a verb, adjective derived from the both, finally particle derived from the verbal root.
Adjectives indicate what a subject is. Verbs express what a subject does or is.

Structure is as follows.
A main clause constructs particle + agentive/subjective noun + verb + object, a subject/topic may follows.
A clause of a verb + a complement is either indication of what the subject does or is, or acts as a noun.
A clause of a verb + a complement + a noun is a noun.
A clause of a verb + a complement + suffix, acting as an adjective, modifies a noun.

Frontings.
A connective noun/focused word/interjection in the usage, that are before the main clause.
Also an adjective clause/conditional noun is in front of main clause in a clause + clause construction.

± Morpheme inventory *under development
s- /sɨ/,allomorpheme;/s/, n- /nɨ/,allomorpheme;/n/, a- /ä/ ∅- /ʔ/ -a /ɦä/ -e /ɦe/ -s /s/ -as /ɦäs/ -es /ɦes/ -n /n/ -en /ɦen/ -ns /ns/ -ens /ɦens/	-l /l/ -t /t/ -d /t/ -ls /ls/ -ts /t͡s/ -ds /des/ -el /el/ -et /et/ -at /ät/ -ad /äde/ -els /els/ -ets /et͡s/ -ats /ät͡s/ -ads /ädes/ -nd /indɐ/ -nt /int/ -nds /indɐs/ -nts /intes/

Phoneme inventory

Consonants	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post­al-alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m			n		ɳ	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive	b		t d					k g		ʔ
Affricate				t͡s		ʈ͡ʂ	t͡ɕ
Fricative		f		s	ʃ	ʂ		ʝ	χ	ɦ
Approximant		ʋ
Trill								ʀ
Lateral approximant				l

Vowels	Front		Central		Back
	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	i y	iː yː	ɨ		ɯ u	uː
Mid-open	e ø	eː øː	ɐ		ʌ o	oː
Open			ä	äː

Phonotactics *under development

± phonotactics *development
C V C/CC root words are either CVC or CVCC k:allophones; t ʔ ɦ l;ʎ;ɾ sr ɲ ŋ ä:allophones;â á:ae;ai;oa e é:ei;é;ea i î í o ö:eu;oi ó:ou u ü ú:allophones;;ue;ua;uo ɲ ŋ h tz cz t ns −vowel length lk −vowel length ks sk

Declension *under development

noun root							gloss
	the agent of a transitive verb	the subject/locative of an intransitive verb	the direct/indirect object of a verb	possessive form	plural form	plural possessive form
uac/ʋɐk/	sac/sɐk/	nac/nɐk/	uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk]	uacs/ʔäks/	sacen/säːgen/,nacen/näːgen/,uacen/ʔäːgen/	uacens/ʔäːgens/	I
uue/ʋyː/	sue/syː/	nue/nyː/	uue/ʋyː/[ʔyː]	uues/ʋyːs/[ʔyːs]	suen/syːen/,nuen/nyːen/,ʋuen/ʔyːen/	uuens/ʔyːens/	You
hia/ɦiä/	sia/siä/	nia/niä/	hia/ɦiä/	hias/ɦiäs/	sian/siän/,nian/niän/,hian/ɦiän/	hians/ɦiäns/	They (singular)

Conjugation *under development

verb root	indicative form	subjunctive form	connective form	noun-like form		gloss
	present/habitual	the motion is futural	-ing, /if	the motion is incomplete	the motion is completed
sel/sel/	ser/sel/	seat/seɦät/	sad/säːt/	selnd/selindɐ/	selnt/selint/	be
bal/bäl/	bar/bäl/	baat/päɦät/	bad/päːt/	balnd/pälindɐ	balnt/pälint/	have
tel/tel/	ter/tel/	teat/teɦät/	tad/täːt/	telnd/telindɐ/	telnt/telint/	hang,raise

Made texts

*under development

± reading basis /visual basis

I: ʋɐk /uac you (singular): ʋyː /uue he: ɦäŋ /han we: /uacen you (plural): ʋyːen /uuen they: ɦiä /hia this : tog,ɦiä /toc,hia that: àe,kosa /hae,cos here: tocma /tcm there: kkaema /aem who: hhia,lhia /lia what: kva /kva where: kvime /kvm when: kvatzuí /kvn how: kvamuí /kvi not: né /nei all: àen /aen many: àens /aens some: de àen /duiaen few: làes /leas other: né daes /neidae one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa two: tzue /dva three: mal /mal four: cut /cut five: unal /hal big: lhens /uncertain long: naelhens /uncertain wide: daesbala /uncertain thick: bala /uncertain heavy: né fie /neifias small: uncertain /nal short: kul /uncertain narrow: tis /tsm thin: kadtis /uncertain woman: lhúa /lua man (adult male): lhúa /lua man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo child: uncertain /tisluo mother: mâma /mam father: dâda /tat animal: this /uncertain fish: fisk /fsk bird: tofie /tfl snake: uncertain /lam worm: hhom /orm tree: uncertain /bim forest: uncertain /bsk stick: baunel /uncertain fruit: fam /flm seed: fam /sem leaf: hhüo /lif root: lád /lad bark (of a tree): uncertain /blk flower: uncertain /lili grass: ladlili /uncertain rope: sinn /uncertain skin: bäl /uncertain meat: salk /slk blood: salk /uncertain bone: lám /uncertain fat (noun): bét /fat egg: ais /uncertain horn: kol /krn tail: lámen /lam feather: fie /fli hair: tetr /khr head: uncertain /cab ear: olhen /orh eye: ain /oin nose: nes /nez mouth: uncertain /lif tooth: tzann /fnc tongue (organ): tzann /zau fingernail: tzann /fau foot: uncertain /bam leg: uncertain /bam knee: baim /uncertain hand: tec /tek wing: fiem /fli belly: mac /uncertain guts: mac /uncertain neck: nec /uncertain back: tzüc /ruc breast: bec /fec heart: kel /kor liver: kel /uncertain to drink: sifel /drk to eat: nem /nhm to bite: tzaunel /tnf to suck: sifel /uncertain to spit: nemel /uncertain to vomit: tue dae nems /uncertain to blow: bolel /uncertain to breathe: nesel /uncertain to laugh: hrak /rch to see: vis /ver to hear: sanhel /oir to know: can /cna to think: canel /dik to smell: nesel /uncertain to fear: bai /uncertain to sleep: bei /slf to live: súmel /uncertain to die: né súmel /meisumel to kill: sral /uncertain to fight: sral /uncertain to hunt: sral /uncertain to hit: láb /lfn to cut: kul /uncertain to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dval to stab: binn /uncertain to scratch: skilel /uncertain to dig: binn /nem to swim: uncertain /svi to fly: uncertain /fei to walk: salkel /uncertain to come: hhim /clm to lie (as in a bed): lob /uncertain to sit: sidel /set to stand: hrec /tnd to turn (intransitive): silkel /uncertain to fall: feiel /fei to give: túe /tue to hold: hrantel /uncertain to squeeze: tzecal /uncertain to rub: vask /uncertain to wash: vask /uncertain to wipe: vaskel /vsk to pull: tec /uncertain to push: tec,ffon /uncertain to throw: tue toc náe /uncertain to tie: ticel /bnd to sew: ffinticel /uncertain to count: teltzif /uncertain to say: srua /seu to sing: séunel /seu to play: bil /sfl to float: lom /flt to flow: ae /flt to freeze: íelel /iel to swell: rcol /uncertain sun: hrá /uncertain moon: daehrá /mun star: lucz /trl water: súm /sumi rain: lein /rcn river: léne /len lake: léne /len sea: léneen /len salt: sala /slt stone: shè /stn sand: sahr /snd dust: hroma /uncertain earth: thi /nulmaf cloud: küt /sku fog: küt /foc sky: séo /sulmaf wind: fendas /vnd snow: nívas /snu ice: íelen /ais smoke: féu /feo fire: féu /feo ash: daeféu /uncertain to burn: tocféu tue /feol road: vei /vec mountain: uncertain /mon red: hrot /rod green: léu /crn yellow: col /clb white: hrát /vit black: dal /blc night: dal /nkt day: dis /dac year: iálen /zuames warm: nôk /vrm cold: íels /chl full: buk /ful new: bil /uncertain old: né bil /uncertain good: hhim /bim bad: né hhim /uncertain rotten: tocel nae /uncertain dirty: mud /uncertain straight: bim /uncertain round: kadbal /uncertain sharp (as a knife): dis /uncertain dull (as a knife): dos /uncertain smooth: dilel /uncertain wet: suːmmɯi /summui dry: sekal /sek correct: bim /uncertain near: tocmas /uncertain far: naemas /uncertain right: hris /lkt left: chol /lnk at: ʈ͡ʂɯi /zui in: lhea /ins with: mɯi /mui and: e,elk /elk if: o,sôm /som because: fɯi /fui name: námel /nam