Idavic languages/Swadesh
The following is a comparative Swadesh list for Proto-Idavic and selected Idavic languages.
1-19 |
English | Proto-Idavic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | I | *-l, *li- | swil | hál | |||
2 | thou | *-d, *di- | swid (a); swidi (h) | hazj | |||
3 | he; she; it | fin (a); fer (h) | bbil (a) | ||||
4 | we | *-kʷa, kʷi- | sowh (ex); swiv (in) | háliŋ | |||
5 | you | *-nidi | swínid | hazjiŋ | |||
6 | they | fikh | bbilúr (a) | ||||
7 | this | *n | ain | a-, al (animate), afus (inanimate) | |||
8 | that | *p | aif | near 2: bbi-, bbil (animate), bbifus (inanimate); distal: rra-, rral, rrafus | |||
9 | here | għan | ató | ||||
10 | there | għaf | bbitó (near 2); rrató (distal) | ||||
11 | who | yakh | ssal | ||||
12 | what | yan | which/what kind of X: tjivérr, which of two: hékumm | ||||
13 | where | għaim | tjitó | ||||
14 | when | hiláv | tjihni | ||||
15 | how | yam | tjivérraff | ||||
16 | not | (many words) | rí- | ||||
17 | all | ħérkhu | kkúff | ||||
18 | many | ainf | énvah | ||||
19 | some | kániam | nnahah | ||||
20-39 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
20 | few | reen | ussíyah | ||||
21 | other | mod | mudu | ||||
22 | one | laath | |||||
23 | two | weesand, wees | |||||
24 | three | tyul | |||||
25 | four | á'min | |||||
26 | five | fthéem | |||||
27 | big | sloor | bballkkah | ||||
28 | long | vee | vvíyah | ||||
29 | wide | lásham | llahmah | ||||
30 | thick | khishch | xxisjtjah | ||||
31 | heavy | nōv | návvah | ||||
32 | small | chu | zjuwah | ||||
33 | short | áiser | ésarah | ||||
34 | narrow | ifan | ivvannah | ||||
35 | thin | għai | hŋéyah | ||||
36 | woman | shaanf | djuŋŋ | ||||
37 | man (male) |
cheeth | zzít | ||||
38 | person | taiv | llósj | ||||
39 | child (a youth) |
łur | rakku | ||||
40-59 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
40 | wife | vṓldi | vvúltja | ||||
41 | husband | yalée | yalí | ||||
42 | mother | amár | sjumma | ||||
43 | father | afár | sjudda | ||||
44 | animal | kōl't | kkalltt | ||||
45 | fish | fóder | óra | ||||
46 | bird | chlú'f | híŋ | ||||
47 | dog | rus | nuhl | ||||
48 | louse | khrai | haré | ||||
49 | snake | duv | ddúf | ||||
50 | worm | fíval | éllssa | ||||
51 | tree | shaif | sjayf | ||||
52 | forest | osk | usskk | ||||
53 | stick (of wood) |
mruy | ŋadji | ||||
54 | fruit | whaid | fédd | ||||
55 | seed | yawhár | yaxxá | ||||
56 | leaf | dōr | dawrr | ||||
57 | root | voshk | rróŋgi | ||||
58 | bark (of tree) |
khōl | hllandj | ||||
59 | flower | fígħder | áll | ||||
60-79 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
60 | grass | ráħan | hédj | ||||
61 | rope | niskw | ggarru | ||||
62 | skin (of a person) |
tłōrv | allab | ||||
63 | meat (as in flesh) |
rang | raŋŋa | ||||
64 | blood | chur | vésji | ||||
65 | bone | cheen | tjín | ||||
66 | fat (noun) |
honvi | hunvi | ||||
67 | egg | mli't | kké | ||||
68 | horn | tarm | |||||
69 | tail | frúr | |||||
70 | feather (rather not down) |
łain't | |||||
71 | hair | yōł | |||||
72 | head | stigħn | |||||
73 | ear | yis | |||||
74 | eye | iva | |||||
75 | nose | thaił | |||||
76 | mouth | ista | |||||
77 | tooth (rather not molar) |
sō'ch | |||||
78 | tongue | vuder | |||||
79 | fingernail | haaskw | |||||
80-99 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
80 | foot | rsob | srup | ||||
81 | leg | wämp | wab | ||||
82 | knee | muHd? mudH | müt | ||||
83 | hand | lpen | flen | ||||
84 | wing | ktsaHol | chtsual | ||||
85 | belly | msaH | smä | ||||
86 | guts | lboH | blua | ||||
87 | neck | qnel | nel | ||||
88 | back | tome | thăme | ||||
89 | breast | ||||||
90 | heart | Hros? roz? | ruas | ||||
91 | liver | tsaHläw | tsălaw | ||||
92 | to drink | ŋxur | hür | roob | |||
93 | to eat | crin | tsrin | ||||
94 | to bite | lișcoł | |||||
95 | to suck | mej | mey | ||||
96 | to spit | mbarH | boar | ||||
97 | to vomit | glHus | clües | ||||
98 | to blow (as wind) |
ksät | scath | khoo | |||
99 | to breathe | tsäś | tsał | ||||
100-119 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
100 | to laugh | täpi | tăfi | ||||
101 | to see | dHož | tuay | ||||
102 | to hear | ||||||
103 | to know (a fact) |
aHdä, nsär | da, mot mi snar | ||||
104 | to think | greH | crea | ||||
105 | to smell (sense odor) |
srua | |||||
106 | to fear | ponäk | mot mi fănach | ||||
107 | to sleep | nmHeg | tmeac | ||||
108 | to live | mărit | faay | ||||
109 | to die | ṛ-tkä | răchta | ||||
110 | to kill | šegi | șămci | ||||
111 | to fight | bago | pgu | ||||
112 | to hunt (transitive) |
arkaj | răchoy | ||||
113 | to hit | xśer | łer | ||||
114 | to cut | Hlen | lean | ||||
115 | to split | tomo | thămu | ||||
116 | to stab (or stick) |
jäst | yäth | ||||
117 | to scratch (an itch) |
qodar | ător | ||||
118 | to dig | modil | mătil | ||||
119 | to swim | śämäj | łămay | ||||
120-139 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
120 | to fly | xlot | lut | ||||
121 | to walk | qseHp | seaf | ||||
122 | to come | rdel | drel | ||||
123 | to lie (as on one's side) |
xdal | tol | ||||
124 | to sit | Hdor | dur | ||||
125 | to stand | Hbläŋ | plang | ||||
126 | to turn (change direction) |
gmäc | crămats | ||||
127 | to fall (as in drop) |
śobäw | łăpaw | ||||
128 | to give | ruH | rüe | ||||
129 | to hold (in one's hand) |
gwiś | cwił | ||||
130 | to squeeze | pHliq | flie | ||||
131 | to rub | tonenH | thăned | ||||
132 | to wash | druq | tișrü | ||||
133 | to wipe | ʔiHt | ieth | ||||
134 | to pull | śkaw | scaw | ||||
135 | to push | Htśaj | tsoy | ||||
136 | to throw | tikin | tăchin | ||||
137 | to tie | meret | măreth | ||||
138 | to sew | kleH | clea | ||||
139 | to count | qnoŋ | nung | ||||
140-159 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
140 | to say | xŋil | ngil | ||||
141 | to sing | ngichnur | |||||
142 | to play | dmos | tmus | ||||
143 | to float | qexp | eaf | ||||
144 | to flow | Hsmin | smin | ||||
145 | to freeze | qerbHa | răbo | ||||
146 | to swell | ŋnoš | cnuș | ||||
147 | sun | nHit | nieth | niid | |||
148 | moon | känd | chad | wereg | |||
149 | star | askiH | scie | askii |
ekiđđe | ||
150 | water | lban | blon | aabon | |||
151 | rain | drmaž | trămäy | ||||
152 | river | ayak | yoch | ||||
153 | lake | păträng (perhaps not reconstructible back to PLak) | |||||
154 | sea (as in ocean) |
lkem | chlem | ||||
155 | salt | murot | măruth | ||||
156 | stone | ketin | căthin | ||||
157 | sand | tipis | tăfis | ||||
158 | dust | qwimp | wib | ||||
159 | earth (as in soil) |
isnuh | snüe | ||||
160-179 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
160 | cloud | ||||||
161 | fog | ||||||
162 | sky | häms | häm | ham | |||
163 | wind (as in breeze) |
păłoa | |||||
164 | snow | măchup | mokub | ||||
165 | ice | tonäm | thănam | ronam | |||
166 | smoke | ||||||
167 | fire | säH | sä | ||||
168 | ashes | ||||||
169 | to burn (intransitive) |
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170 | road | ||||||
171 | mountain | ||||||
172 | red | ||||||
173 | green | ||||||
174 | yellow | ||||||
175 | white | ||||||
176 | black | ||||||
177 | night | ||||||
178 | day (daytime) |
fnüd | enfa | ||||
179 | year | lă'och | |||||
180-199 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
180 | warm (as in weather) |
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181 | cold (as in weather) |
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182 | full | ||||||
183 | new | ||||||
184 | old | ||||||
185 | good | ||||||
186 | bad | ||||||
187 | rotten (as, a log) |
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188 | dirty | ||||||
189 | straight | ||||||
190 | round | ||||||
191 | sharp (as a knife) |
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192 | dull (as a knife) |
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193 | smooth | ||||||
194 | wet | ||||||
195 | dry (adjective) |
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196 | right (correct) |
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197 | near | ||||||
198 | far | ||||||
199 | right (side) |
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200-207 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
200 | left (side) |
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201 | at | ||||||
202 | in | ||||||
203 | with (accompanying) |
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204 | and | ||||||
205 | if | ||||||
206 | because | ||||||
207 | name | kom | chum | kom | kom |
Old words
|wrd080=annddal |wrd081=lénd |wrd082=rraxtj |wrd083=bbár |wrd084=tallss |wrd085=bré |wrd086=ŋŋúli |wrd087=zzán |wrd088=mazar |wrd089=ŋihni |wrd090=hallan |wrd091=rruhar |wrd092=slayah |wrd093=kanah |wrd094=ŋíffah |wrd095=yakkah |wrd096=ttéyah |wrd097=axxttah |wrd098=hrrágah |wrd099=yiŋufah |wrd100=hizrah |wrd101=ímah |wrd102=fissttah |wrd103=vvandah |wrd104=hmáyah |wrd105=ussíyah |wrd106=X-TOPIC Y-NOM kkammayah ( = X fears Y) |wrd107=kkúyah |wrd108=lawrah |wrd109=sjtjíŋah |wrd110=hnéddah |wrd111=nóŋah |wrd112=sjagrah |wrd113=zjikkah |wrd114=xxúsjah |wrd115=ssŋŋóhah |wrd116=rráxxah |wrd117=xxózjah |wrd118=dabbah |wrd119=bbllaxah |wrd120=vrínnah |wrd121=huvvah |wrd122=hribah |wrd123=ggíyah (lie down) |wrd124=ihnah (sit down) |wrd125=ŋúlah (stand up) |wrd126=ayfah |wrd127=zjúzjah |wrd128=ttuggah |wrd129=gníffah |wrd130=ssrruwah |wrd131=spówah |wrd132=nihrah |wrd133=sséyah |wrd134=xrahah |wrd135=véllah |wrd136=ttnnáyah |wrd137=ffrrítjah |wrd138=mallggah |wrd139=nnówah |wrd140=sjixxah |wrd141=xxunnddafah |wrd142=dahllah |wrd143=zjínayah |wrd144=ssaŋŋah |wrd145=yuŋkah |wrd146=palah |wrd147=pass |wrd148=kalda |wrd149=wihnu |wrd150=rrá |wrd151=zérr |wrd152=briyaŋ |wrd153=hédja |wrd154=laxxatt |wrd155=yawkk |wrd156=hŋŋáy |wrd157=ŋlimé |wrd158=djanu |wrd159=vvóll |wrd160=skúdj |wrd161=hullál |wrd162=lóppu |wrd163=djukkarr |wrd164=zaŋŋkk |wrd165=ddól |wrd166=tlór |wrd167=nnay |wrd168=ttága |wrd169=léssah |wrd170=zuhl |wrd171=umm |wrd172=ppawah |wrd173=waygah |wrd174=vvrrúwah |wrd175=éttayah |wrd176=yuŋgah |wrd177=ssrrí |wrd178=zjóll |wrd179=lahi |wrd180=iriyah |wrd181=hunnah |wrd182=zzrrukkuwah |wrd183=wópiyah |wrd184=sskkúhah |wrd185=ŋŋussah |wrd186=óffah |wrd187=ttúkuwah |wrd188=hrruzzuwah |wrd189=ambéyah |wrd190=flaŋŋah |wrd191=wésjah |wrd192=yuffrrah |wrd193=vvílsjah |wrd194=lákkah |wrd195=bálah |wrd196=waluwah |wrd197=émmah |wrd198=ddussnnah |wrd199=zammu |wrd200=óttu |wrd201=-(i)ha, -ih |wrd202=-arr ffáyih(a) |wrd203=-tju (nouns), -ínih (clauses) |wrd204=-tju, -tju tnáxa |wrd205=-uxxí |wrd206=-ázz |wrd207=husj }}