Verse:Jarthe/Qivattutannguaq

Síqa tuqsúq Qivattút (This page in Hivatish)

Jarthe/Qivattutannguaq
Qivattutannguáq
Pronunciation	[/hivatːutaŋːuáχ/]
Created by	IlL
Setting	Lõis
Language family	Indo-European Jarthe/Qivattutannguaq

Qivattutannguaq (Qivattutannguáq /hivatːutaŋːuáχ/ or Qivattáa tannguáq /hivatːáː taŋːuáχ/; qivattúq is from *sebʰ-ntós 'of [our] own') is an isolated branch within the Indo-European language family, inspired by Greenlandic, Old Persian and Proto-Celtic.

Qivattutannguáq is a result of Indo-European being influenced by Inuit languages. It was spoken in Qivattulúnnun, which is located in our Great Britain.

In pre-modern times it was divided into two registers, the high register Qunngartutannguáq ("perfected language") and the Estonian-like vernacular Prisinitutannguáq ("natural language"). Qunngartutannguáq is still used as a source of loans in modern British Isle languages such as Modern Hivatish.

• "in X-language" = [STEM]-ut (for example: in English = Azalisút)
  • Prisinitút = in Prisinitutannguáq
  • Qunngartút = in Qunggartutannguáq
  • Inuisút, Inugisút = in Inuit
• inúgaq = Inuit person
• qivattúq = Hivatish person
• qaqartúq = narrow
• wiquq = virus (cognatization of Latin virus)
  • kuruunaawiquq = coronavirus
• siiman = seed, children (related to German Keim)
• tiutaa = tribe; the people
• Tiuppateer = Qivattu counterpart of Zeus/Jupiter
• teewaq = god
• siuqit < *ǵews-eti = he tries
• suqtúq (< *ǵews-tus) = attempt
• ímaq (m) = sea
• iqalugaq (m) = trout
• anuri (n) = storm
• iqariuq = red <- h₁ésh₂ṛ-yos
• talguq = long
• tuattúq (m) = trail <- duh₂-ntos
• arsattúq (m) = silver
• taiseet = he pinpoints, he locates
• ziimaa = winter
• wivuneet (wi-wonh1-eyeti) = he aspires

Todo

Include some sound change laws conditioned by PIE glottalization? Some Uralic gradation-like thing?

Phonology

Qivattutannguaq has a rather small phonology.

Vowels: i u a ii uu ee aa ai au iu ui

Consonants: p v t d s z k g q m n ng l r j w wh /p v t ð~d s z k ɣ~g χ m n ŋ l r j w ʍ/

Voiceless stops are unaspirated.

i u are pronounced [e o] before q.

Diachronics

o > u

RC > aRC

l before voiceless consonants = /ɬ/

nt > tt; nd, ndʰ > nn

Pronouns

jaa 'I'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	jaa	ammii
Genitive	mini	ammaqun
Dative	mai	ammavuq
Accusative	mi	ammi
Ablative	minit, miit	ammavuq
Locative	minit, miit	ammavi

tuu 'thou'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	tuu	juu
Genitive	tivi	junngaqun
Dative	tai	junngavuq
Accusative	ti	junngi
Ablative	tivit, tiit	junngavuq
Locative	tivit, tiit	junngavi

Reflexive pronoun

	(Number-neutral)
Nominative	-
Genitive	qivi
Dative	qai
Accusative	qi
Ablative	qivit, qiit
Locative	qivit, qiit

• siqu, siqaa, situt = this
• qu, qaa, tut = that
• ju, jaa, jut = which (relative pronoun)
• kiq? kia? kit? = who? what?

Nouns

Functions of the cases

Qivattutannguaq has 6 or 7 cases depending on register.

• The nominative is used for subjects and predicate objects. In Prisinitutannguaq, it is also used for direct objects, and the -q and -n endings are dropped.
• Dative objects and benefactives use the dative. It is also used for "have", as in Latin.
• The genitive is used for attributive possession and "belongs to" possession. Genitives come befire nouns.
• In Qunngartutannguaq, the direct object of an affirmative verb takes the accusative, and the direct object of a negated verb takes the genitive:
  • Suwaa iwiti walkun. = The dog saw a wolf.
  • Suwaa neen iwiti walkaa. = The dog did not see a wolf.
• Static locations take the locative. A preposition such as in or at can be used but is not necessary.
• Destinations for prepositions indicating destination like in 'into', at 'at' or ipi 'onto' take the accusative.
• "from a location" generally just takes the ablative, but some contexts require the preposition ut. (such as from a place that is city-sized or larger: ut vukaat 'from the city', but taamiat 'from the house')
• For 'with' (instrumental) su + ablative is used. 'With' (comitative) requires the preposition san + ablative.
• Agents of passive verbs use the ablative.

Thematic

o-stem masculine

Qunngartutannguáq declension

válkuq 'wolf' (< *wĺ̥kʷos; underwent taboo deformation)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	válkuq	válkaaq
Genitive	válkaa	válkuun
Dative	válkai	válkavuq
Accusative	válkun	válkuuq
Ablative	válkiat	válkavuq
Locative	válkiat	válkavi
Vocative	válki!	válkaaq!

Prisinitutannguáq declension

válko 'wolf'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative-Accusative	válko	válkaaq
Genitive	válkaa	válkuu
Dative	válkai	válkavi
Ablative-Locative	válkäät	válkavi
Vocative	válki!	válkaaq!

o-stem neuter

Qunngartutannguáq declension

wírdun 'word' (< *werdʰh₁om)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	wírdun	wírdaa
Genitive	wírdaa	wírduun
Dative	wírdai	wírdavuq
Accusative	wírdun	wírdaa
Ablative	wírdiat	wírdavuq
Locative	wírdiat	wírdavi
Vocative	wírdi!	wírdaa!

Prisinitutannguáq declension

wírdo 'word'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative-Accusative	wírdo	wírdaa(q)
Genitive	wírdaa	wírduu
Dative	wírdai	wírdavi
Ablative-Locative	wírdäät	wírdavi
Vocative	wírdi!	wírdaa(q)!

eh2-stems

Qunngartutannguáq declension

vukáa 'city' (< *bʰug-éh₂ 'refuge')

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	vukáa	vukáaq
Genitive	vukáaq	vukúun
Dative	vukái	vukáavuq
Accusative	vukáan	vukáaq
Ablative	vukáat	vukáavuq
Locative	vukáat	vukáavi
Vocative	vukáa!	vukáaq!

Prisinitutannguáq declension

vukáa 'city'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	vukáa	vukáaq
Genitive	vukáaq	vukúu
Dative	vukái	vukáavi
Ablative-Locative	vukáat	vukáavi
Vocative	vukáa!	vukáaq!

u-stems

Masculine and feminine u-stems decline as follows:

quunúq 'son'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	quunúq	quunúwiq
Genitive	quuníuq	quunúun
Dative	quuníwi	quunúvuq
Accusative	quunún	quunúuq
Ablative	quunút	quunúvuq
Locative	quunút	quunúvi
Vocative	quunú!	quunúwiq!

iglú 'tent, camp'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	iglú	iglúa
Genitive	iglíuq	iglúun
Dative	iglíwi	iglúvuq
Accusative	iglú	iglúa
Ablative	iglút	iglúvuq
Locative	iglút	iglúvi
Vocative	iglú!	iglúa!

i-stems

Masculine and feminine i-stems:

ingníq 'fire'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ingníq	ingníiq
Genitive	ingníiq	ingnúun
Dative	ingníi	ingnívuq
Accusative	ingnín	ingníiq
Ablative	ingnít	ingnívuq
Locative	ingnít	ingnívi
Vocative	ingní!	ingníiq!

Also: teeppútiq 'master'.

Neuter i-stems:

anuri 'storm' (< Proto-Inuit ạnųʁǝ̈ 'wind')

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	anuri	anuria
Genitive	anuriiq	anurijuun
Dative	anurii	anurivuq
Accusative	anuri	anuria
Ablative	anurit	anurivuq
Locative	anurit	anurivi
Vocative	anuri!	anuria!

h2-stems and thematized athematics

imaq 'sea'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	imáq	imáaq
Genitive	imiáq	imúun
Dative	imái	imávuq
Accusative	imán	imáaq
Ablative	imát	imávuq
Locative	imát	imávi
Vocative	imá!	imáaq!

Nouns with a vowel before the -aq decline as follows:

tannguáq 'tongue; language (f.)'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	tannguáq	tannguáaq
Genitive	tanngujáq	tannguwúun
Dative	tannguái	tannguávuq
Accusative	tannguán	tannguáaq
Ablative	tannguát	tannguávuq
Locative	tannguát	tannguávi
Vocative	tannguá!	tannguáaq!

n-stems

zamáa 'human'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	zamaa	zamuniq
Genitive	zamuuq	zamunuun
Dative	zamunii	zamunavuq
Accusative	zamunan	zamunaaq
Ablative	zamunit	zamunavuq
Locative	zamunit	zamunavi
Vocative	zamuni!	zamuniq!

-mn-nouns

núman 'name'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	numan	numanaa
Genitive	numaaq	numanuun
Dative	numanii	numanavuq
Accusative	numan	numanaa
Ablative	numanit	numanavuq
Locative	numanit	numanavi
Vocative	numan!	numanaa!

Also: wírman 'time', wíngman 'clothes'

Athematic

Example nouns: qaullaq = sun; apalaq = apple

réezaq 'king'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	reezaq	reeziq
Genitive	reeziaq	reezuun
Dative	reezii	reezavuq
Accusative	reezan	reezaaq
Ablative	reezit	reezavuq
Locative	reezit	reezavi
Vocative	rees!	reeziq!

iqalugaq 'trout' (< Proto-Inuit ǝqaluɣ)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	iqalugaq	iqalugiq
Genitive	iqalugiaq	iqaluguun
Dative	iqalugii	iqalugavuq
Accusative	iqalugan	iqalugaaq
Ablative	iqalugit	iqalugavuq
Locative	iqalugit	iqalugavi
Vocative	iqaluk!	iqalugiq!

Wútar 'water' is still a heteroclitic in Qunng. (cf. Ancient Greek υδωρ, υδατος). In Pris. the form wútraa (declined as a feminine -aa noun) is preferred; this survives as õdra in the modern language.

wútar 'water'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	wutar	wutanaa
Genitive	wutaniaq	wutanuun
Dative	wutanii	wutanavuq
Accusative	wutar	wutanaa
Ablative	wutanit	wutanavuq
Locative	wutanit	wutanavi
Vocative	wutar!	wutanaa!

pateer-class

pateer 'father'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	pateer	patiriq
Genitive	patriaq	patiruun
Dative	patrii	patiravuq
Accusative	patran	patiraaq
Ablative	patrit	patiravuq
Locative	patrit	patiravi
Vocative	patir!	patiriq!

Declined similarly: maateer, vraateer, whiqeer, dukateer, Tippateer = father, mother, brother, sister, daughter, (Hivatish sky god)

Adjectives

Adjectives fall into three main declensions: -uq adjectives (~ Latin 1st declension adjectives), -iq adjectives (~ Latin 3rd declension adjectives), and -aq adjectives (containing verb participles).

-uq adjectives

• nom: -uq, -aa, -un, pl. -aaq, -aaq, -aa

-iq adjectives

• nom. -iq, -iq, -i; pl. -iiq, -iiq, -ia

-aq adjectives

nom. -aq, -aq, -an; pl. -aaq, -aaq, -aa

Prepositions

• su = w/ abl.: with (instrumental)
• san = w/ abl.: with (comitative)
• viz = w/ gen.: without
• in
  • w/ acc.: into
  • w/ loc.: inside
• at = at
  • w/ acc.: towards; at
• attir =
  • w/ loc.: between,
  • w/ acc.: against
• ut = w/ abl.: out of
• ipi
  • w/ acc.: onto
  • w/ loc.: on
• tira
  • w/ acc: (moving) through, beyond
  • w/ loc: beyond

Verbs

Qivattutannguaq verbs have only three tenses: present, past, and optative.

Athematic

tituat 'he gives', pres. ind.

	Singular	Plural
1	tituan	titumaq
2	tituaq	tituti
3	tituat	tituut

e/o-thematic

These verbs often take the past form from PIE root aorists.

Some verbs in this class:

• vilsit, ivalsi = shines
• vinnit, ivanni = binds
• siuqit, isuqi = tries

Present
Person	Active	Passive
1SG	vinnaa	vinnaar
2SG	vinniq	vinnitar
3SG	vinnit	vinnitur
1PL	vinnumaq	vinnumaqti
2PL	vinniti	vinnitau, vinnitaqti
3PL	vinnuut	vinnuttur
Past
Person	Active	Passive
1SG	ivanna	ivannar
2SG	ivanta	ivantar
3SG	ivanni	ivannur
1PL	ivannami	ivannamaqti
2PL	ivannati	ivannatau, ivannataqti
3PL	ivanneer	ivanneerur
Optative
Person	Active	Passive
1SG	vinnain	vinnajaar
2SG	vinnaiq	vinnaitar
3SG	vinnait	vinnaitur
1PL	vinnaimaq	vinnaimaqti
2PL	vinnaiti	vinnaitau, vinnaitaqti
3PL	vinnajuut	vinnajuttur
Imperative
Person	Active	Passive
2SG	vinni!	vinniqi!
3SG	vinnitaat!	vinnitaar!
2PL	vinniti!	vinnitau!
3PL	vinnuttaat!	vinnuttaar!
Participles
Tense	Active	Passive
Present	vinnattaq	vinnumuq
Past	vannawuq	vannuq

-eh2- verbs

teepputijaat = he rules

• present: teepputijaa, tepputijaaq, teepputijaat, teepputijaamaq, teepputijaati, teepputijaat
• past: iteepputijaaqa, iteepputijaaqta, iteepputijaaqi, iteepputijaangmi, iteepputijaaqti, iteepputijaaqeer

-éye- verbs

taiseet (*doyḱ-éye-ti) = he locates, he pinpoints

• present: taisijaa, taiseeq, taiseet, taiseemaq, taiseeti, taisijuut
• past: itaiseeqa, itaiseeqta, itaiseeqi, itaiseengmi, itaiseeqti, itaiseeqeer

Copula

• present: ingmi, eeq, eet, ingmaq, iqti, quut
• past: iqqa, iqta, iqqi, iqami, iqati, iqqeer

Numerals

• zero: nuilluq (m.), nuillaa (f.), nuillun (n.)
• I: ainuq (m.), ainaa (f.), ainun (n.); ordinal parmuq
• II: tuwai (animate), tuwaa (inanimate); ordinal attiruq
• III: triiq (animate), tria (inanimate); ordinal trituq
• IIII: kituariq (animate), kituara (inanimate); ordinal kituartuq
• Λ. pikkiq; ordinal piktuq
• ΛΙ: whiïq; ordinal whiqtuq
• ΛΙΙ: qiptan; ordinal qiptammuq
• ΛΙΙΙ: ustaa; ordinal ustammuq
• ΛIIII: niwan; ordinal niwammuq
• Χ: tisan; ordinal tisammuq
• XI: ainuqupirtisan, ainuppirsan
• XII: tuuqupirtisan, tuuppirsan
• XIII: triiqupirtisan, triippirsan
• XIIII: kituarqupirtisan, kituarpirsan
• XΛ: pikkiqupirtisan, pikkippirsan
• XΛI: whiiqupirtisan, whiippirsan
• XΛII: qiptaqupirtisan, qiptappirsan
• XΛIII: ustaqupirtisan, ustappirsan
• XΛIIII: niwaqupirtisan, niwappirsan
• XX: tuiqtisan
• XXX: tirtisan
• XXXX: kituartisan
• D: pikkitisan
• DX: whiiqtisan
• DXX: qiptattisan
• DXXX: ustattisan
• DXXXX: niwattisan
• O: sattun
• Q: pikkisattun
• M: tuqsattun
• Ī (10000): zilliun
• Ī̄ (1,0000,0000): tussilliun

Numerals percede nouns. Numbers above 1 take the genitive (partitive) singular.

Declension

ainuq declines as a singular -uq adjective. pikkiq and whiïq decline like -iq adjectives, and qiptun, astaa, nivun and tisun decline like neuter nouns.

tuwaa

• nom./acc./voc. tuwaa (inanimate), tuwai (animate)
• gen. tuwuun, tuun
• dat./abl. tuwaavuq (inanimate), tuwaivuq (animate)
• loc. tuwaavi (inanimate), tuwaivi (animate)

tria

• nom./acc./voc. triiq (animate), tria (inanimate)
• gen. trijuun
• dat./abl. triivuq
• loc. triivi

kituara

• nom./acc./voc. kituariq (animate), kituara (inanimate)
• gen. kituaruun
• dat./abl. kituaravuq
• loc. kituaravi

Derivation

• -isúq = forms adjectives (< -ik'os)
• Verb prefixes: in-, at-, attir-, pi-, su-, san-, ik(s)-, pir-, qupir-, quu-, ...
  • Ex. from wiitit 'he sees': ikwiitit 'he identifies, he susses out', atwiitit 'he sees to it that', piwiitit 'he sees fit'; attirwiitit 'he agrees'; suwiitit 'he witnesses'
• -inuq = agent
• -inia (from *-nih2) = feminine agent
  • reezinia = queen, from reezaq king
• -allún (from *-tlóm) = instrument

Syntax

Qunngartutannguaq word order is SOV by default but can be changed due to emphasis. On the other hand, Prisinitutannguaq is consistently SVO.

PIE: gʷih₃wós pisḱós wédni n̥h₂sḱéti.

Qunng: Kiiwúq piksúq wútanit naksít.

Pris: Kiiwỏ piksỏ naksỉt wủtraat.

Modern: Kiu piks näksed hõv õdrad.

The living fish swims in the water.

Adjectives and genitives precede nouns, and relative clauses follow nouns.

Sample texts

Schleicher's Fable

Awiq iswaaq-ki

Awiq, jungmai walinaa neen iqqi, iwiti iswuuq, ainun karun waznun tinngattan, ainun-ki mizalun kraaman, ainun-ki zamunan asu virattan. Awiq nuu iswavuq iwaki: "Sartaq anngitur mai, witattii zamunan iswuuq asattan." Iswaaq nuu awii iwakeer: "Asauqee, awi, sartaq anngitur ammai witattavuq situt: Zamaa, teepputiq, ut awijuun walinaat karnit qai girmun wingman. Awii nuu walinaa neen eet." Awiq nuu situt slauqaawuq in plaanun ivuki.

Hypothetical Roman transcription

AVEH·ISVACCI

AVEH·IVGMÆ·VALINA·NEN·EHHI·IVITI·ISVVH·ÆNVN·CARVN·VAZNVN·TINGATTAN·ÆNVNCI·MIZALVN·CRAMAN·ÆNVNCI·ZAMVNAN·ASV·FIRATTAN