| Sošovíć |
|---|
| sošovíć/lesán sošovija |
| Created by | IlL |
|---|
| Native speakers | 393,000 (2013) |
|---|
| |
|---|
Solám alóm!
Assumptions:
- Final short vowels are weakened at around the same time as Proto-Slavic reduces final short vowels to jers.
- Palatalization does *not* follow Slavic, except in affixes and function words
Phonology
Vowels
Oral
|
|
Front
|
Central
|
Back
|
| short
|
long
|
short
|
long
|
short
|
long
|
| Close
|
i /i/
|
í /iː/
|
|
|
u /u/
|
ú /uː/
|
| Mid
|
e /e̞/
|
é /e̞ː/
|
y /ə/
|
ý /əː/
|
o /o̞/
|
ó /o̞ː/
|
| Open
|
ě /æ/
|
|
a /a/
|
á /aː/
|
|
|
Nasal
|
|
Front
|
Central
|
Back
|
| short
|
long
|
short
|
long
|
short
|
long
|
| Close
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mid
|
|
ę /ɛ̃ː/
|
|
|
|
ǫ /ɔ̃ː/
|
| Open
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diachronics
Vowels
| Proto-North Semitic
|
Proto-Sošovíć
|
| i
|
ь
|
| u
|
ъ
|
| a
|
o
|
| ī
|
i
|
| ū
|
y
|
| aj
|
ě
|
| aw
|
u
|
| ā
|
a
|
| an
|
ǫ
|
| in
|
ę, ь
|
| un
|
ǫ, ъ
|
Havlík's law: strong *ъ > *o, strong *ь > *e, weak jers vanish without doing anything
Cja > Cě
Consonants
| PSem
|
*b
|
*d
|
*g
|
*p
|
*t
|
*k
|
*ṭ
|
*ḳ
|
*ð
|
*z
|
*þ
|
*š
|
*ś
|
*s
|
*þ̣
|
*ṣ
|
*ṣ́
|
*ɣ
|
*ʕ
|
*ʔ
|
*x
|
*ħ
|
*h
|
*m
|
*n
|
*l
|
*r
|
*w
|
*j
|
| Mwail/Tucootka/Lexicon
|
b
|
d
|
ž
|
p
|
ć
|
č
|
t
|
k
|
v
|
z
|
f
|
s
|
š
|
s
|
f
|
š
|
þ
|
g
|
a, ː
|
ː
|
ch
|
ha
|
h
|
m
|
n
|
l
|
r
|
v
|
j
|
Nouns
Mwail/Tucootka/Lexicon nouns are notable for inheriting the oldest version of the Proto-Semitic case system, the diptotic (two-case) system, with nominative singular -Ø < *-ъ < PSem *-u and genitive singular -o < PSem *-a. Feminine singular nominative *-atu was changed to *-ā > -a under Indo-European influence.
The case system has also been restructured along Slavic lines. The behavior of the accusative and genitive is identical to Slavic: accusative is identical to the genitive for animate masculine singular nouns, and to the nominative otherwise, and objects of negative sentences take the genitive. The dative and instrumental/locative were formed by suffixing inflected forms of the prepositions *la 'to' and *bi 'with/by, in'.
Masculine nouns of type moloč
| Masculine noun: moloč 'king'
|
| Case |
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| nom./voc.
|
moloč |
molča |
molčy
|
| genitive
|
molčo |
molčě |
molči
|
| dative
|
molčlu |
molčěluma |
molčilúm
|
| accusative
|
molčo |
molča |
molčy
|
| ins./loc.
|
molčbi |
molčěbima |
molčibím
|
| Masculine noun: júm 'day'
|
| Case |
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| nom./voc.
|
júm |
júma |
júmy
|
| genitive
|
júmo |
júmě |
júmi
|
| dative
|
júmlu |
júměluma |
júmilúm
|
| accusative
|
júm |
júma |
júmy
|
| ins./loc.
|
júmbi |
júměbima |
júmibím
|
*-j-stems
| Masculine noun: fob 'antelope'
|
| Case |
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| nom./voc.
|
fob |
fobě |
fobji
|
| genitive
|
fobje |
fobjě |
fobji
|
| dative
|
foblu |
fobjěluma |
fobjilúm
|
| accusative
|
fobje |
fobě |
fobji
|
| ins./loc.
|
fobebi |
fobjěbima |
fobjibím
|
Feminine nouns of type molča
| Feminine noun: molča 'queen'
|
| Case |
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| nom./voc.
|
molča |
molčota |
molčáć
|
| genitive
|
molčoto |
molčoćě |
molčaći
|
| dative
|
molčótla |
molčótluma |
molčátlěn
|
| accusative
|
molča |
molčota |
molčáć
|
| ins./loc.
|
molčótbě |
molčótbima |
molčátbín
|
| Feminine noun: syra 'performance; ritual'
|
| Case |
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| nom./voc.
|
syra |
syrota |
syráć
|
| genitive
|
syroto |
syroćě |
syraći
|
| dative
|
syrótla |
syrótluma |
syrátlěn
|
| accusative
|
syra |
syrota |
syráć
|
| ins./loc.
|
syrótbě |
syrótbima |
syrátbín
|
Feminine nouns of type lesán
| Feminine noun: lesán 'tongue'
|
| Case |
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| nom./voc.
|
lesán |
lesána |
lesánáć
|
| genitive
|
lesáno |
lesáně |
lesánaći
|
| dative
|
lesánla |
lesáněluma |
lesánátlěn
|
| accusative
|
lesán |
lesána |
lesánáć
|
| ins./loc.
|
lesánbě |
lesáněbima |
lesánátbín
|
Adjectives
Adjectives ending in a consonant
| Adjective declension: tab 'good'
|
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| masculine |
feminine |
masculine |
feminine |
masculine |
feminine
|
| Nom./Voc.
|
tab |
taba |
taba |
tabota |
taby |
tabáć
|
| Genitive
|
tabo |
taboto |
tabě |
taboćě |
tabi |
tabaći
|
| Dative
|
tablu |
tabótla |
taběluma |
tabótluma |
tabilúm |
tabátlěn
|
| Acc.
|
taboan
tabinan |
taba |
taba |
tabota |
taby |
tabáć
|
| Ins./Loc.
|
tabbi |
tabótbě |
taběbima |
tabótbima |
tabibím |
tabátbín
|
Nisba adjectives
Pronouns
| Personal pronouns
|
| Case |
First person
|
| Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| Nominative
|
nák |
náma |
nány
|
| Genitive
|
meni |
mennama, menma |
menny
|
| Dative
|
li |
lonama, loma |
lony
|
| Accusative
|
nani, ni |
nánma |
nánny
|
| Ins./Loc.
|
bi |
bema |
bny
|
| Personal pronouns, cont.
|
| Case |
Second person |
Third person
|
| Singular |
Dual |
Plural |
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| masculine |
feminine |
masculine |
feminine |
masculine |
feminine |
masculine |
feminine
|
| Nominative
|
ǫto |
ǫć |
ǫtma |
ǫtmy |
ǫtna |
hy |
hi |
homa |
homy |
hena
|
| Genitive
|
męk |
męč |
mękma |
mękmy |
męčna |
men |
mená |
menema |
menemy |
menen
|
| Dative
|
lók |
lóč |
lókma |
lókmy |
lóčna |
lu |
lá |
luma |
lumy |
lěn
|
| Accusative
|
ǫtók, tók |
ǫćeč, ćeč |
ǫtókma, tókma |
ǫtókmy, tókmy |
ǫćečna, ćečna |
henu |
hená |
henoma |
henomy |
henen
|
| Ins./Loc.
|
bek |
beč |
bekma |
bekmy |
bečna |
bí |
bě |
bíma |
bímy |
bín
|
Verbs
The lemma form of verbs is the aorist 3rd person masculine.
Todo: verbal system too Central Semitic. Use the prefix-conjugated preterite for aorist, and stative for present/future?
Binyan A: kotol
Regular (strong) paradigm
Active
| kotlíć, ktol, joktol, kotol, katel 'kill'
|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun
|
| kotlíć
|
| Imperative
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 2.m
|
ktol!
|
ktola! |
ktoly!
|
| 2.f
|
ktoli! |
ktolna!
|
| Present
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
oktol |
nektla |
nektol
|
| 2.m
|
toktol
|
ćektla |
ćektly
|
| 2.f
|
toktli |
ćektolna
|
| 3.m
|
joktol
|
jektla |
jektly
|
| 3.f
|
joktli |
jektolna
|
| Imperfect
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
fóktol |
fonektla |
fonektol
|
| 2.m
|
fotoktol
|
foćektla |
foćektly
|
| 2.f
|
fotoktli |
foćektolna
|
| 3.m
|
fojoktol
|
fojektla |
fojektly
|
| 3.f
|
fojoktli |
fojektolna
|
| Aorist
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
kotlok |
kotolma |
kotolny
|
| 2.m
|
kotlot
|
kotoltma |
kotoltmy
|
| 2.f
|
kotleć |
kotoltna
|
| 3.m
|
kotol |
kotla |
kotly
|
| 3.f
|
kotla |
kotolta |
kotolna
|
| Future I
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
rþi oktol |
rþi nektla |
rþi nektol
|
| 2.m
|
rþi toktol
|
rþi ćektla |
rþi ćektly
|
| 2.f
|
rþi toktli |
rþi ćektolna
|
| 3.m
|
rþi joktol
|
rþi jektla |
rþi jektly
|
| 3.f
|
rþi joktli |
rþi jektolna
|
| Future II
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
očún katel |
nečuna katla |
nečún katly
|
| 1.f
|
očún katla |
nečuna katlota |
nečún katláć
|
| 2.m
|
točún katel |
ćečuna katla |
ćečuny katly
|
| 2.f
|
točuni katla |
ćečuna katlota |
ćečunna katláć
|
| 3.m
|
jočún katel |
ječuna katla |
ječuny katly
|
| 3.f
|
jočuni katla |
ječuna katlota |
ječunna katláć
|
| Perfect
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1.m
|
nák katel |
náma katla |
nány katly
|
| 1.f
|
nák katla |
náma katlota |
nány katláć
|
| 2.m
|
ǫto katel |
ǫtma katla |
ǫtmy katly
|
| 2.f
|
ǫć katla |
ǫtma katlota |
ǫtna katláć
|
| 3.m
|
(hy) katel |
(homa) katla |
(homy) katly
|
| 3.f
|
(hi) katla |
(homa) katlota |
(hena) katláć
|
| Pluperfect
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1.m
|
čǫk katel |
čanma katla |
čanny katly
|
| 1.f
|
čǫk katla |
čanma katlota |
čanny katláć
|
| 2.m
|
čǫt katel |
čǫtma katla |
čǫtmy katly
|
| 2.f
|
čǫć katla |
čǫtma katlota |
čǫtna katláć
|
| 3.m
|
čan katel |
čana katla |
čany katly
|
| 3.f
|
čana katla |
čanota katlota |
čanna katláć
|
Pater noster
Ob menny vy na somájbi!
Ći jotkódas sem męk.
Ći jóćí molčíć męk.
Ći jepuly roþí męk, ěma na somájbi koma v in orþbě.
Chleb menny jumí hab lony ojúm.
V stápu-ny chotaváć menny, ěma v nany nostápú chotaváć nož lony.
V la sabé-ny na tonésíny, éla žal-ny leč rógo.
Amen.