単亜語/Bopomofo

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First come initials. Each four rows are 1) voiced stop 2) aspirated stop 3) nasal 4) liquid

ø
ㄙ*

*ㄙ changes to ㄒ before y, w, and i. ㄅㄉ ㄆㄊ ㄇㄋ ㄈㄌ

  • Foreign words only: ㄈ=f, ㄪ=v ㄫ=ŋ, ㄖ=r, and ㄦ=rr.
  • Never used: ㄓ, ㄔ, ㄕ, ㄩ, ㄗ, and ㄘ.

Then come "finals". Some of these are "creative" bopomofo. Apologies.

ø -i -u -p -t -k -m -n
a ㄚㄧ ㄚㄨ ㄚㄆ ㄚㄊ ㄚㄎ ㄚㄇ ㄚㄋ ㄚㄥ
e ㄝㄧ No ㄝㄆ ㄝㄊ ㄝㄎ ㄝㄇ ㄝㄋ ㄝㄥ
u ㄨㄧ ㄨㄩ ㄨㄆ ㄨㄊ ㄨㄎ ㄨㄇ ㄨㄋ ㄨㄥ
i ㄧㄩ No ㄧㄆ ㄧㄊ ㄧㄎ ㄧㄇ ㄧㄋ ㄧㄥ
o ㄛㄧ ㄛㄨ ㄛㄆ ㄛㄊ ㄛㄎ ㄛㄇ ㄛㄋ ㄛㄥ

and the epenthetic syllables with ㄩ

  • w on-glide may not have a w off-glide, except ㄨㄚㄨ
  • w on-glide may not go with an initial 両唇音 (ㄅ, ㄆ, or ㄇ)
  • No E-vowel may have a w off-glide
  • y on-glide may not have a y off-glide, except for 軟口蓋音 (ㄍ, ㄎ, ø, ㄏ) + a/e and ㄒㄧㄩ
  • ㄅ and ㄆ may not have a y or w on-glide, except for the ㄉㄨㄚ-series
  • ㄐ and ㄑ may not have a y or w on-glide, except for the ㄐㄨㄚ and ㄐㄨㄝ-series
  • ㄋ and ㄌ may not have a w on-glide


Many, many examples with final -p,-t,-k,-n,-m,-ng do not exist, but are not technically forbidden, and are indicated with light grey. On the following table, black indicates a natural gap, whereas dark grey indicates a forbidden gap. There is are two syllables that doesn't fit on this chart: ㄨㄧㄥ and ㄨㄧㄎ (one could imagine ㄨㄧㄩ, ㄨㄧㄊ, ㄨㄧㄆ, and ㄨㄧㄋ; but they do not occur).

両唇音 歯茎音 硬口蓋音 軟口蓋音
coda ø ø ø ø
ㄅㄚ ㄅㄚㄟ ㄅㄚㄜ ㄅㄚㄆ ㄅㄚㄊ ㄅㄚㄎ ㄅㄚㆬ ㄅㄚㄣ ㄅㄚㄫ ㄉㄚ ㄉㄚㄟ ㄉㄚㄜ ㄉㄚㄆ ㄉㄚㄊ ㄉㄚㄎ ㄉㄚㆬ ㄉㄚㄣ ㄉㄚㄫ ㄐㄚ ㄐㄞ ㄐㄠ ㄐㄚㄆ ㄐㄚㄊ ㄐㄚㄎ ㄐㄚㆬ ㄐㄚㄣ ㄐㄤ ㄍㄚ ㄍㄞ ㄍㄠ ㄍㄚㄆ ㄍㄚㄊ ㄍㄚㄎ ㄍㄚㆬ ㄍㄚㄣ ㄍㄤ
ㄆㄚ ㄆㄞ ㄆㄠ ㄆㄚㄆ ㄆㄚㄊ ㄆㄚㄎ ㄆㄚㆬ ㄆㄚㄣ ㄆㄤ ㄊㄚ ㄊㄞ ㄊㄠ ㄊㄚㄆ ㄊㄚㄊ ㄊㄚㄎ ㄊㄚㆬ ㄊㄚㄣ ㄊㄤ ㄑㄚ ㄑㄞ ㄑㄠ ㄑㄚㄆ ㄑㄚㄊ ㄑㄚㄎ ㄑㄚㆬ ㄑㄚㄣ ㄑㄤ ㄎㄚ ㄎㄞ ㄎㄠ ㄎㄚㄆ ㄎㄚㄊ ㄎㄚㄎ ㄎㄚㆬ ㄎㄚㄣ ㄎㄤ
ㄇㄚ ㄇㄞ ㄇㄠ ㄇㄚㄆ ㄇㄚㄊ ㄇㄚㄎ ㄇㄚㆬ ㄇㄚㄣ ㄇㄤ ㄋㄚ ㄋㄞ ㄋㄠ ㄋㄚㄆ ㄋㄚㄊ ㄋㄚㄎ ㄋㄚㆬ ㄋㄚㄣ ㄋㄤ ㄚㄆ ㄚㄊ ㄚㄎ ㄚㆬ ㄚㄣ
ㄌㄚ ㄌㄞ ㄌㄠ ㄌㄚㄆ ㄌㄚㄊ ㄌㄚㄎ ㄌㄚㆬ ㄌㄚㄣ ㄌㄤ ㄙㄚ ㄙㄞ ㄙㄠ ㄙㄚㄆ ㄙㄚㄊ ㄙㄚㄎ ㄙㄚㆬ ㄙㄚㄣ ㄙㄤ ㄏㄚ ㄏㄞ ㄏㄠ ㄏㄚㄆ ㄏㄚㄊ ㄏㄚㄎ ㄏㄚㆬ ㄏㄚㄣ ㄏㄤ
ㄧㄚ ㄅㄧㄚ ㄅㄧㄠ ㄅㄧㄚㄆ ㄅㄧㄚㄊ ㄅㄧㄚㄎ ㄅㄧㄚㆬ ㄅㄧㄚㄣ ㄅㄧㄤ ㄍㄧㄚ ㄍㄧㄞ ㄍㄧㄠ ㄍㄧㄚㄆ ㄍㄧㄚㄊ ㄍㄧㄚㄎ ㄍㄧㄚㆬ ㄍㄧㄚㄣ ㄍㄧㄤ
ㄆㄧㄚ ㄆㄧㄠ ㄆㄧㄚㄆ ㄆㄧㄚㄊ ㄆㄧㄚㄎ ㄆㄧㄚㆬ ㄆㄧㄚㄣ ㄆㄧㄤ ㄎㄧㄚ ㄎㄧㄞ ㄎㄧㄠ ㄎㄧㄚㄆ ㄎㄧㄚㄊ ㄎㄧㄚㄎ ㄎㄧㄚㆬ ㄎㄧㄚㄣ ㄎㄧㄤ
ㄇㄧㄚ ㄇㄧㄠ
ㄨㄚ
両唇音 歯茎音 硬口蓋音 軟口蓋音
coda ø ø ø ø
ㄅㄝ ㄅㄝㄟ ㄅㄝㄆ ㄅㄝㄊ ㄅㄝㄎ ㄅㄝ⼶ ㄅㄝㄣ ㄅㄝㄥ
먿
ㄧㄝ
ㄨㄝ
퀀
両唇音 歯茎音 硬口蓋音 軟口蓋音
coda ø ø ø ø
ㄅㄨ ㄅㄨㄧ ㄅㄨㄜ ㄅㄨㄆ ㄅㄨㄊ ㄅㄨㄎ ㄅㄨ ㄅㄨ ㄅㄨ 굿
ㄧㄨ  
퓨 
뮤 
両唇音 歯茎音 硬口蓋音 軟口蓋音
coda ø ø ø ø
ㄅㄧ ㄅㄧㄭ ㄅㄧㄆ ㄅㄧㄊ ㄅㄧㄎ ㄅㆬ ㄅㄯ ㄅㆭ
믿
両唇音 歯茎音 硬口蓋音 軟口蓋音
coda ø ø ø ø
ㄅㄛ ㄅ⼄ ㄅㄡ ㄅㄛㄆ ㄅㄛㄊ ㄅㄛㄎ ㄅㆱ ㄅ⺔ ㄅㆲ ㄉㄛ ㄉ⼄ ㄉㄡ ㄉㄛㄆ ㄉㄛㄊ ㄉㄛㄎ ㄉㆱ ㄉ⺔ ㄉㆲ
ㄧㄛ


 
 
ø ø ø ø

In addition, there are all the "filler" vowel-syllables, which can only occur with an onset: ㄅㄩ, ㄉㄩ, ㄐㄩ, ㄍㄩ, ㄆㄩ, ㄊㄩ, ㄑㄩ, ㄎㄩ, ㄇㄩ, ㄋㄩ, ㄩ, ㄌㄩ, ㄙㄩ, and ㄏㄩ.