User:Praimhín/Rõktiap
Rõktiap is a classical language of Rulak, with a rich tradition of literature, science and philosophy.
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
Rõktiap uses a syllabic alphabet called Rõktiapma Rõethar [r̝ɤktʰi̯ɒpmɒ r̝ɤɜthɒr̝̥], which resembles Hangul.
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stop | voiceless aspirated | p /pʰ/ | t /tʰ/ | k /kʰ/ | ĸ /qʰ/ | q /ʔ/ |
voiceless unaspirated | pp /p/ | tt /t/ | kk /k/ | ĸĸ /q/ | ||
voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /ɡ/ | ɢ /ɢ/ | ||
Fricative | voiceless | s /s/ | ʜ /χ/ | h /h/ | ||
voiced | z /z/ | ȝ /ʁ/ | ||||
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ng /ŋ/ | |||
Lateral | l /l/ | |||||
Fricative trill | r /r̝/ |
Nasals and liquids are devoiced in syllable codas. For example nool (wave) is pronounced [no:ɬ], and ᴋᴋurs (shoulders) is pronounced [qur̝̥s] or [qur̝̥ɕ].
Vowels
Front | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|
Unrounded | Rounded | ||
High | i /i/ | u /u/ | |
Mid | e /e/ | õ /ɤ/ | o /o/ |
Low | ä /æ/ | a /ɒ/ |
Prosody
Stress
The first syllable of a multisyllabic word is pronounced at a slightly higher pitch, on a falling tone.
Intonation
Phonotactics
The syllable structure of Rõktiap is (C)(l/r)V(V)(C)(s).
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
Nouns inflect for case and number. There are two numbers, the singular, which is unmarked, and the plural, which uses the suffix -i for nouns ending in s and -s otherwise. For example:
- qiim (flower), qiims (flowers)
- ᴋol (language), ᴋols (languages)
- ʜeik (shark), ʜeiks (sharks)
- lias (mound), liasi (mounds)
- ttões (beaver), ttõesi (beavers)
There are __ cases in Rõktiap:
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | qiim | qiims |
Accusative | qiimken | qiimsken |
Genitive | qiimma | qiimsma |
Dative | qiimtoo | qiimstoo |
Instrumental | qiimtrun | qiimstrun |
Adessive | qiimnõs | qiimsnõs |
Ablative | qiimnõn | qiimsnõn |
Illative | qiimbo | qiimsbo |
Inessive | qiimhos | qiimshos |
Elative | qiimhon | qiimshon |
Translative | qiimttel | qiimsttel |
Verbs
There are only two verbs in Rõktiap: qua (to do) and tre (to be). These are extremely irregular, and tre is defective in that it doesn't have progressive forms:
Simple | Progressive | Perfect | |
---|---|---|---|
Past | quum | ȝuon | ȝiums drun |
Present | qua | quan | ȝiums tre |
Future | uᴋor | uᴋõn | ȝiums nrup |
Simple | Perfect | |
---|---|---|
Past | drun | triis drun |
Present | tre | triis tre |
Future | nrup | triis nrup |
Syntax
Constituent order
Rõktiap is almost completely head-final, except for complementizer phrases, such as those using the word lo (whether, interrogative marker) and met (if), which are head-initial.