Ossamic
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| Ossamic | |
|---|---|
| Օսըշահմմը | |
| Pronunciation | [o.sə.ˈʃaːm.mə] |
| Created by | Melinoë |
| Date | June 9th, 2026 |
| Native to | Armenia: Lori, Tavush Georgia: Kvemo Kartli Azerbaijan: Gazakh, Aghstafa, Tovuz |
| Ethnicity | Ossamics |
| Native speakers | 754.8 thousand (2022) |
Indo-European
| |
Early forms | Proto-Chlesamnic
|
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | Armenia Georgia |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | sish |
Ossamic (/ˈəʊ̯.sɑ.mɪk/; Autonym: Օսըշահմմը (Ōsəšahmmə), ჵსჷშაჰმმჷ, or Ōsəšahmmə, all /o.sə.ˈʃaːm.mə/) is a Chlesamnic language of the High Polovic branch spoken at the intersection of Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, though it is entirely unintelligible with Caucasian Polovic.
Etymology
The English name is from Byzantine /ossamiˈkos/, from /ossaˈmia/, which is from Old Ossamic Օսըշահմմը (Ōsəšahmmə), which is a compound of օսըմ (ōsəm) ("lip") + -(ը)շահմ (-(ə)šahm) (abstract noun affix)+ -մը (-mə) ("our").
History
Phonology
Consonants
| labial | alveolar | palatal | velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nasal | m ⟨մ, მ, m⟩ |
n ⟨ն, ნ, n⟩ |
|||
| stop | unvoiced | p ⟨պ, პ, p⟩ |
t ⟨տ, ტ, t⟩ |
k ⟨ի, კ, k⟩ | |
| aspirated | pʰ ⟨փ, ფ, pʻ⟩ |
tʰ ⟨թ, თ, tʻ⟩ |
kʰ ⟨ք, ქ, kʻ⟩ | ||
| voiced | b ⟨բ, ბ, b⟩ |
d ⟨դ, დ, d⟩ |
g ⟨գ, გ, g⟩ | ||
| fricative | unvoiced | f ⟨ֆ, ჶ, f⟩ |
s ⟨ս, ს, s⟩ |
ʃ ⟨շ, შ, š⟩ |
x ⟨խ, ხ, x⟩ |
| voiced | v ⟨վ, ვ, v⟩ |
z ⟨զ, ზ, z⟩ |
ʒ ⟨ժ, ჟ, ž⟩ |
ɣ ⟨ղ, ღ, ġ⟩ | |
| affricate | unvoiced | t͡s ⟨ծ, წ, c⟩ |
t͡ʃ ⟨ճ, ჭ, č⟩ |
||
| aspirated | t͡sʰ ⟨ց, ც, cʻ⟩ |
t͡ʃʰ ⟨չ, ჩ, čʻ⟩ |
|||
| voiced | d͡z ⟨ձ, ძ, j⟩ |
d͡ʒ ⟨ջ, ჯ, ǰ⟩ |
|||
| approximant | l ⟨լ, ლ, l⟩ |
j ⟨յ, ჲ, y⟩ |
|||
| trill | r ⟨ռ, რ, ṙ⟩ |
||||
| tap | ɾ ⟨ր, ჸ, r⟩ |
||||
Vowels
| front | central | back | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unround | round | |||||||
| short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| High | i ⟨ի, ი, i⟩ |
iː ⟨իհ, იჰ, ih⟩ |
y ⟨իւ, უი, ui⟩ |
yː ⟨իւհ, უიჰ, uih⟩ |
u ⟨ու, უ, u⟩ |
uː ⟨ուհ, უჰ, uh⟩ | ||
| Mid-high | e ⟨է, ჱ, ē⟩ |
eː ⟨էհ, ჱჰ, ēh⟩ |
ø ⟨էւ, ჵი, ōi⟩ |
øː ⟨էւհ, ჵიჰ, ōih⟩ |
ə ⟨ը, ჷ, ə⟩ |
əː ⟨ըհ, ჷჰ, əh⟩ |
o ⟨օ, ჵ, ō⟩ |
oː ⟨օհ, ჵჰ, ōh⟩ |
| Mid-low | ɛ ⟨ե, ე, e⟩ |
ɛː ⟨եհ, ეჰ, eh⟩ |
œ ⟨եւ, ოი, oi⟩ |
œː ⟨եւհ, ოიჰ, oih⟩ |
ɔ ⟨ո, ო, o⟩ |
ɔː ⟨ոհ, ოჰ, oh⟩ | ||
| Low | ɑ ⟨ա, ა, a⟩ |
ɑː ⟨ահ, აჰ, ah⟩ | ||||||
Morphology
Nouns
Ossamic nouns decline on several categories, those being case, number, possessor, and (some nouns) animacy.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ֊ը |
֊ընե |
| accusative | ֊ըմ |
֊ընեմ |
| allative | ֊ըհռ |
֊ընեհռ |
| genitive | ֊ուտ |
֊ընիւտ |
| ablative | ֊իճ |
֊ընայճ |
| dative | ֊ըհ |
֊ընեհ |
| instrumental | ֊ու |
֊ընիւ |
| comitative | ֊ոմ |
֊ընեւմ |
| վիլֆը (vilfə) | յիգը (yigə) | խիւնզը | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | վիլֆը vilfə |
վիլֆընե vilfəne |
յիգը yigə |
յիգընե yigəne |
խիւնզը |
խիւնզընե |
| accusative | վիլֆըմ vilfəm |
վիլֆընեմ vilfənem |
յիգըմ yigəm |
յիգընեմ yigənem |
խիւնզըմ |
խիւնզընեմ |
| allative | վիլֆըհռ vilfəhṙ |
վիլֆընեհռ vilfənehṙ |
յիգըհռ yigəhṙ |
յիգընեհռ yigənehṙ |
խիւնզըհռ |
խիւնզընեհռ |
| genitive | վիլֆուտ vilfut |
վիլֆընիւտ |
յիգուտ yigut |
յիգընիւտ |
խիւնզուտ |
խիւնզընիւտ |
| ablative | վիլֆիճ vilfič |
վիլֆընայճ vilfənayč |
յիգիճ yigič |
յիգընայճ yigənayč |
խիւնզիճ |
խիւնզընայճ |
| dative | վիլֆըհ vilfəh |
վիլֆընեհ vilfəneh |
յիգըհ yigəh |
յիգընեհ yigəneh |
խիւնզըհ |
խիւնզընեհ |
| instrumental | վիլֆու vilfu |
վիլֆընիւ |
յիգու yigu |
յիգընիւ |
խիւնզու |
խիւնզընիւ |
| comitative | վիլֆոմ vilfom |
վիլֆընեւմ |
յիգոմ yigom |
յիգընեւմ |
խիւնզոմ |
խիւնզընեւմ |