Wistanian/Lexicon
This is the WIP lexicon for the language of Wistanian. Entries are still being added, slowly but surely.
A
a [ˈa]
- n. a vowel letter in the Wistanian alphabet, which represents the /a/ sound and its allophones.
- part. question particle when expressed after a sentence. (
Q
) - part. if, conditional particle when expressed before a verb. (
COND
)
abaiyi [əˈbai̯ji]
- n. dream esp. while asleep
- v. to dream at night
DUR
being in the process of a dreamATEL
having recurring dreamsTEL
dreaming
abazi [əˈbazi]
- mod. all other, the rest
abbin [əˈpin]
- apendage, finger/toe
adan [ˈadən]
- part. habitual particle, expressed before the verb to indicate that the subject normally preforms the action (
HAB
)
adda [ˈatə]
- v. to give birth
STA
being a motherDUR
being pregnantATEL
having a miscarriageTEL
having a child
addyaara [ətˈjeɾə]
- v. to combine
STA
being combinedDUR
being in the process of cominationATEL
colliding; running overTEL
combining
aggil [əˈkil]
- n. pain
agima [ˈaɡɪmə]
- v. to stir, mix
STA
being stirred, mixedDUR
stirringATEL
stirring, mixing, changing things around for no particular reason- This verb is often used for people who reorganize their lifestyle or their area of leadership for little to no reason.
TEL
stirring, mixing for a particular reason.
ajal [əˈʒal]
- mod. necessary, must
ajidi [əˈʒidi]
- v. to escape
STA
being an escapeeDUR
escaping, being in the process of escapingATEL
trying, esp. multiple times, to escapeTEL
escaping, esp. successfully
ajma [ˈaʒmə]
- n. spirits that most Wistanians believe in and some worship. Credited with creating the worlds, including their own.
aju [ˈaʒɯ]
- v. to sneeze
STA
to be sick- This is not the only term for being sick, and specifically refers to a sickness that is mostly sinus-related.
TEL
sneezing
alali [əˈlali]
- v. to run
STA
to have run, being under the effects of runningDUR
being in the process of runningATEL
running (esp. in circles or for no other reason)TEL
running towards a goal, chasing, racing
alaudd [əˈlɑt]
- mod. tall, high
ali [əˈli]
- mod. the most, the best, used to mark the superlative in a comparitive sentence
ama [ˈamə]
- mod. alike, similar
- part. like, similar to, used to derive modifiers out of nouns.
ami [əˈmi]
- n. friend
anam [əˈnam]
- n. chin
angi [ˈaŋɡi]
- n. eye
ani [əˈni]
- mass n. language, speech
anigalilaun [əˈniɡəˌlilɑn]
- n. the Wistanian language (lit. "Peace Language")
anwu [ˈanwu]
- n. buttocks
aram [ˈaɾəm]
- n. dish (plates and bowls)
aru [əˈrɯ]
- n. wave
aruni [əˈɾɯni]
- v. to wake, be alert, not asleep.
STA
being awakeDUR
waking up
- n. reality, the real world.
- lu ddal aruniddal: "You're in the real world."
azabbar [əzəˈpaɾ]
- n. heat lighting
- not to be confused with ddarun, which refers to lightning in a storm
azavi [əˈzavi]
- v. to carry; to pick up; to hold
STA
being a carrierDUR
picking upATEL
bearing, walking around withTEL
carrying, esp. to something
azidi [əˈzidi]
- n. oil; grease
AA
aa [ˈe]
- n. a sound in the Wistanian alphabet belonging to the vowel group.
- part. accusative particle, featured before the direct object of a transitive verb. (
ACC
)
aayau [ˈejɑ]
- n. sea
AI
aidun [ˈai̯dɯn]
- n. hill, hump
AU
au [ˈɑ]
- n. a sound in the Wistanian alphabet belonging to the vowel group.
- n. the color gray
- mod. old
audi [ˈɑdi]
- n. grandfather
augu [ˈɑɡɯ]
- mod. bad, esp. morally
augwil [ˈɑɡwil]
- n. vomit
aujyam [ˈɑʒjəm]
- n. grandchild
aula [ˈɑlə]
- n. fat; grissle
- v. to fatten, make fat
STA
being fatDUR
gaining weight, becoming fat
aumi [ˈɑmi]
- n. grandmother
aunaz [ˈɑnəz]
- n. ear
auril [ˈɑɾil]
- n. mouth
- n. spicket; faucet
auv [ˈɑv]
- part. during; when
- This word always begins a temporal clause
auvi [ˈɑvi]
- n. bird
auwina [ˈɑwɪnə]
- v. to have (esp. alienably); to possess; to take
STA
owning, possessingDUR
taking (in progress)ATEL
collecting; hoardingTEL
taking
auyi [ˈɑji] / [ɑˈji]
- interj. hello, greetings
- Stress can land on either syllable depending on the dialect of the speaker.
auzdda [ˈɑztə]
- n. head
- n. top (of something)
- n. peak (of a mountain)
auzi [ˈɑzi]
- pro. he; she; animate third singular nominative (
3Sa.NOM
); animate third singular accusative (3Sa.ACC
)- used for living people and most domesticated animals (including cattle)
auzin [ˈɑzɪn]
- pro. they; them; animate third plural nominative (
3Pa.NOM
); animate third plural accusative (3Pa.ACC
)- used for living people and most domesticated animals (including cattle)
auzna [ˈɑznə]
- n. black
B
bani [ˈbani]
- v. to make, to form
STA
being a makerDUR
being in the process of makingATEL
wasting one's timeTEL
making, forming
bari [ˈbaɾi]
- v. to lose, to fail
STA
being a failure/loserDUR
being in the process of losingATEL
losing- This verb does not have a telic form, since losing is not considered as an accomplishment.
baujazaa [bɑʒəˈze]
- n. culture; way of living
baul [ˈbɑl]
- n. stone; rock
baun [ˈbɑn]
- m. no, not
- part. indicates negativity (
NEG
)
bauvindi [bɑˈvindi]
- n. opponent
- A contraction of bau (no) and vindi (partner)
bayuz [ˈbajɯz]
- n. sickness, illness
bayuza [ˈbajɯzə]
- v. to be sick, to show signs of sickness
STA
being sickDUR
becoming sick
bi [ˈbi]
- mod. good; of high-quality
bima [ˈbimə]
- v. to fall; to descend; to go downward
STA
being fallen; having fellDUR
descendingATEL
precipitating- often used to descibe mass nouns, such as rice or ash, falling
TEL
falling
bini [ˈbini]
- n. penis
bu [ˈbɯ]
- v. to stand
STA
standingDUR
being in the process of standing upTEL
standing up
bud [ˈbɯd]
- n. leg
- this word can be used to mean either one legs or both legs.
BB
bba [ˈpa]
- n. trash; a worthless item or idea
bbaana [ˈpenə]
- v. to twist or screw
STA
being twisted; having been twistedDUR
being in the process of twistingATEL
spinningTEL
twisting something in
bbaggujila [pəˈkɯʒilə]
- v. to form; to make from clay or rock
STA
being formed, madeDUR
being in the process of forming, esp. from clay or rockTEL
forming, esp. from clay or rock
bbal [ˈpal]
- part. but; contrasting coordinative particle (
CCO
)
bbaulu [ˈpɑlɯ]
- v. grow
STA
being grownDUR
growingATEL
expandingTEL
coming near completion, growing until a certain point
bbauri [ˈpɑɾi]
- n. taunt; threat
- v. to taunt; to threaten
STA
being taunted, threatenedDUR
being in the process of taunting, threateningATEL
to threaten without intent to follow throughTEL
to threaten with intent to follow thorugh
bbinai [pɪˈnai̯]
- n. corpse; dead body
bbiraru [pɪˈɾaɾɯ]
- v. to close; to block
STA
being closed or blockedDUR
being in the process of closing or blockingATEL
attempting to close or block, but failingTEL
closing; blocking
D
daam [ˈdem]
- n. time period; era; phase
daara [ˈdeɾə]
- n. a letter in the Wistanian alphabet that represents /d/.
daaya [ˈdejə]
- part. should; deontic mood marker.
- denotes an action that should happen, whether by obligation or logical progression. It's like a stronger hypothetical particle. The verb head of a deontic particle is always conjugated for the irrealis mood.
daddi [ˈdati]
- n. beard
daihag [ˈdai̯ɦə̤ɡ]
- n. flesh
daji [ˈdaʒi]
- n. cave
- v. to hide, esp. oneself
STA
being hiddenDUR
looking for a spot to hide, going to hideATEL
trying (and usually failing) to hide or escapeTEL
hiding
dami
- n. a traditional Wistanian garb composed of a center waist belt, shoulder straps, and a long skirt
damun [dəˈmɯn]
- mod. different; other
danaru [ˈdanəˌɾɯ]
- n. an itch
- n. an annoying person or situation
daran [ˈdaɾən]
- n. older brother
- n. older male cousin
darauna [dəˈɾɑnə]
- v. to control
STA
being in controlDUR
taking control
dari [dəˈɾi]
- n. boy; male child
daridd [dəˈɾit]
- mass n. rain
davagg [dəˈvak]
- n. object, thing
- n. (in grammar) noun
daz [ˈdaz]
- n. man
dazji [ˈdazʒi]
- v. to give; to offer
STA
being givenDUR
being in the process of givingATEL
offeringTEL
giving
dibb [ˈdip]
- mod. sad; sadly
din [ˈdin]
- n. three
- n. middle finger
dindi [dɪnˈdi]
- n. tooth
diri [ˈdiɾi]
- part. because of; due to; causative particle
- marks the reason for which something is done involitionally
- n. reason; cause
diyan [ˈdijən]
- n. juice
divu [ˈdivɯ]
- n. tree
dul [ˈdɯl]
- n. body
- n. the entirety of a object or subject
dula [ˈdɯlə]
- v. to put on (esp. clothes)
STA
wearingDUR
being in the process of putting onTEL
putting on
- v. to prepare, get ready
STA
being prepared, readyDUR
getting prepared, readyTEL
preparing
duvij [ˈdɯviʒ]
- n. hole (esp. in the ground or one with a bottom)
- distinct from yaadd, which refers to holes without bottoms or that can be seen through
DD
ddaimal [ˈtai̯mɑl]
- n. tongue
ddal [ˈtal]
- part. where; locative copulative/relative particle
- indicated the location of the head
ddaliv [təˈliv]
- n. one of the main Wistanian people groups, concentrated in the center mountain range
- n. the language from which Wistanian was mostly derived
- mod. of or from the Taliv people, culture, or language
ddanal [ˈtanəl]
- n. area; region; location
- the locative particle and inessive suffix, ddal, is derived from this word.
ddarun [təˈrɯn]
- n. lighting; thunder (esp. in a storm)
- not to be confused with azabbar, which refers to heat lightning
ddiglu [ˈtiɡlɯ]
- n. plant (includes flowers, grasses, bushes and trees)
ddina [ˈtinə]
- n. lake; sea; any large body of water surrounded by land
ddiyari [ˈtijəɾi]
- n. the truth
dduba [ˈtɯbə]
- n. spit
ddudiya [ˈtɯdijə]
- n. rock
G
gaara [ˈɡeɾə]
- n. a letter in the Wistanian alphabet that represents /g/.
gabba [ˈɡapə]
- v. to yawn
- this verb only appears in the atelic.
gabud [ɡəˈbɯd]
- n. idea, thing
gadil [ɡəˈdil]
- n. forest
gai [ˈɡai̯]
- n. arm
galibu [ˈɡalɪbɯ]
- v. to surround, to encircle
STA
being in a circle around; surroundingDUR
circling around; being in the process of surroundingATEL
doing something in circlesTEL
surrounding- The stative, durative, and telic forms of this verb imply a large number or quantity of things are preforming the action. The atelic form assumes only one or a few of a thing, inadequate to truly surround the patient.
galil [ɡəˈlil]
- n. calm
galilaun [ɡəˈlilɑn]
- n. peace (lit. "the idea of calm")
galnad [ˈɡalnəd]
- n. wood; firewood
galu [ɡəˈlɯ]
- n. light
ganari [ɡəˈnaɾi]
- n. vagina
garamaug [ˈɡarəˌmɑɡ]
- n. a strong dog-like creature, often tamed by the Wistanians to carry large loads.
garauda [ɡəˈɾɑdə]
- n. food
garauvi [ɡəˈɾɑvi]
- n. water
- n. liquid
- n. a risky situation
- mod. prone to change often; untrustworthy
gari [ˈɡaɾi]
- v. to work; to think
STA
being in work; being in thought- This verb, always in the stative, uses to context to distinguish between working on something externally and working on something internally (thinking).
gaudu [ˈɡɑdɯ]
- n. elbow
gauga [ˈɡɑɡə]
- n. river
gaujani [ˈɡɑʒəni]
- n. animal
gaulaz [ˈɡɑləz]
- n. cup
gauna [ˈɡɑnə]
- v. to drink
STA
being one who has drunkDUR
being in the process of drinkingATEL
putting in mouth and spitting outTEL
drinking
gaunda [ˈɡɑndə]
- n. shoulder
- v. to carry over shoulder
ATEL
holding over the shoulder (does not include destination)TEL
transporting something over the shoulder (includes destination)
gaunu [ˈɡɑnɯ]
- n. fish
gaunvi [ˈɡɑnvi]
- v. to believe
STA
being religious, opinionatedDUR
becoming convinced
gaurad [ˈɡɑɾəd]
- mod. short; low
gi [ˈɡi]
- n. the past
- 'auv gi: "during the past"; "earlier"
gilad [ˈɡiləd]
- n. salt
gin [ˈɡin]
- n. road
- Many Wistanian roads are named with a ⟨-gin⟩ suffix.
gizima [ˈɡizɪmə]
- v. to give up, surrender
STA
being one who has surrenderedDUR
being in the process of surrenderingTEL
surrendering
guddi [ˈɡɯti]
- n. hammer
gumu [ˈɡɯmɯ]
- v. to cook, esp. from scratch
STA
being cookedDUR
being in the process of cookingTEL
cooking
GG
ggaddabbu' [kəˈtapɯ]
- n. a Wistanian people group that reside in the northeast corner of the Wistanian island.
- See Katapu
ggarani [kəˈrani]
- mod. large, grand
ggarimalun [kəɾɪməˈlɯn]
- n. a large island
ggauda [ˈkɑdə]
- v. to create
STA
having been createdDUR
being in the process of creatingATEL
to put together halfway or unwellTEL
creating
ggaug [ˈkɑɡ]
- n. skull; cranium
ggaujaa [ˈkɑʒe]
- mod. together
ggaulav [ˈkɑləv]
- n. sweat, perpiration
- ggauda ggaulav: to sweat (lit. "make sweat")
ggaun [ˈkɑn]
- part. for; benefactive objective particle
BEN
- Marks the reason for which something is done volitionally.
ggazirum [kəzɪˈɾɯm]
- n. way of life; culture
ggiv [ˈkiv]
- n. vessel; container
gguji [ˈkɯʒi]
- n. stick
H
ha [ˈɣa̤]
- n. the present moment
- auv ha: now
haaggu [ˈɣe̤kɯ]
- n. insult
- v. to insult, make fun of
STA
being insultedDUR
saying an insult (in progress)ATEL
hurling insults, consistently making funTEL
insulting
haayi [ˈɣe̤ji]
- n. air
- n. (when used with possessive) breath
- v. to breathe
STA
being breathing; being aliveDUR
breathing in or out; inhaling or exhaling- haaya dulwi: breathing in; inhaling (lit. breathing into the body)
- haaya duligza: breathing out; exhaling (lit. breathing away from the body)
ATEL
breathingTEL
sighing
haayiluvi [ˈɣe̤jɪˌlɯvi]
- n. fog
- contraction of haayi (air) + luvi (cloud)
hadan [ˈɣa̤dən]
- mod. sure; surely
hadu [ɣa̤dɯ]
- v. to know; to learn; to figure out; to recall/remember
STA
knowingDUR
learningATEL
remembering; recallingTEL
finding out
hanad [ˈɣa̤nəd]
- n. pot; pan; any type of cooking vessel
hi ['ɣi̤]
- v. to be; to exist; to become; to go
STA
existing- hiya vanid: There is a tower (lit. a tower exists)
DUR
becoming; going
hil [ˈɣi̤l]
- n. a letter in the Wistanian alphabet which represents the /ɦ/ sound and its allophones.
hili [ˈɣi̤li]
- n. an unborn child; fetus
- Colloquially used for someone who is feeling very comfortable or warm.
hina [ˈɣinə]
- n. west
- n. left
- v. to set, esp. the sun
STA
having been set- hiniya jinu: It is night-time; the sun has set
DUR
setting
hu [ˈɣɯ̤]
- n. dust
humbi [ˈɣɯ̤mbi]
- n. all time; forever
- auv humbi: always; all the time
huz [ˈɣɯ̤z]
- n. place or area, esp. one with a designated purpose
- huz viga: eating place
I
i [ˈi]
- n. A letter in the Wistanian alphabet belonging to the vowel group that represents /i/ and its allophones.
- mod. tiny, miniscule
- part. or, alternative coordinating conjunction (
ALTCO
)- featured before each item in a list of options. E.g., i dari i lari (*or boy or girl)
ibiz [ɪˈbiz]
- part. a modal particle that denotes an action or state might happen.
id [ˈid]
- mod. this;
PROX
- n. this; here
idda [ˈitə]
- n. land; property
ihili [ɪˈɦi̤li]
- v. to be joyful; to cheer up; to laugh
STA
to be joyfulDUR
to cheer upATEL
to laugh
ija [ˈiʒə]
- v. to urinate; to pee
- This verb is only present in an atelic form.
iju [ˈiʒɯ]
- n. mud
il [ˈil]
- part. an object particle to denote the tools with which an action is done.
INSTR
- part. an object particle which marks the theme of the verbs "give" and "send".
ila [ˈilə]
- v. to shine
STA
to be shiningDUR
to become brightTEL
to brighten
ilam [ˈiləm]
- mod. young
- primarily modifies adult people/animals and objects.
ilau [ˈilɑ]
- n. child (esp. 2-9 years of age)
- ilau ilam (young child) is not grammatical. A proper translation is ilau min.
ilavija [ˈiləˌviʒə]
- v. to be by oneself; to escape or leave a crowd
STA
be alone, by one's selfDUR
becoming alone; leaving a groupTEL
to leave another person to be alone.ATEL
to attempt to leave a crowd and be alone
ildi [ˈildi]
- mod. deaf
- v. to be deaf
STA
being deaf
ilduwad [ˈildɯβʷəd]
- n. possession(s); that which one has.
- always used with a possessive
ja yau ilduwad va zi. ja -a yau ilduwad va zi want-ATEL 1S.NOM possession COP 3S.POSS "I want what he has." / "I want his possessions."
iliz [ɪˈliz]
- mod. light (i.e., not heavy)
ilu [ˈilɯ]
- v. to see; to look
STA
to seeDUR
to look on; to watchATEL
to look at
im [ˈim]
- n. a letter in the Wistanian alphabet that represents /m/.
imalun [ɪməˈlɯn]
- n. a small island
imaun [ɪˈmɑn]
- n. an uncle or aunt by marriage
imi [ˈimi]
- n. fire; flames
- v. to light; to set on fire; to ignite
STA
to be on fireDUR
to be burnedTEL
to burn (in an amount of time)ATEL
to burn (for an amount of time)
in [ˈin]
- n. a letter in the Wistanian alphabet that represents /n/.
inam [ɪˈnam]
- mod. true; real; existing
inara [ɪˈnaɾə]
- v. to trip; to stumble
STA
to be on the floor from a trip/stumbleDUR
to be in the process of trippingTEL
to tripATEL
to mess up; make mistakes; stumble
inja [ˈinʒə]
- v. to search for; to find
STA
to be a searcherSTA
to be in process of searching for somethingTEL
to findATEL
to search for
inja dari aa garauda. inja -a dari aa garauda. search.for-ATEL boy ACC food. "The boy(s) searched for food.
iriya [ˈiɾijə]
- n. love; affection
- "to love" is often phrased as dazji il iriya.
dazjiya yau liv il iriya. dazji-iya yau liv il iriya. give -STA 1S.NOM 2S.ACC INSTR love. "I love you" (Lit. "I give you with love.")
iv [ˈiv]
- hon. an honorific applied to one's mother or aunt by blood.
ivaun [ɪˈvɑn]
- n. lock
ivi [ˈivi]
- hon. an honorific applied to one's grandmother.
idau [ˈidɑ]
- mod. that over there;
DIST
- n. that thing or place over there
idi [ˈidi]
- mod that;
MED
- n. that thing or place
iyini [ˈijɪni]
- v. to finish; to end
STA
to be finishedDUR
to be in the process of finishingTEL
to endATEL
to close or shut down
iz [ˈiz]
- hon. an honorif applied to an adult inferior
izab [ˈizəb]
- n. back (of a person, animal, or object)
izayaagga [ɪzəˈjekə]
- n. battle
- n. pl. (izayaaggan) war
J
juna [ˈʒɯnə]
- v. to dig or bury
STA
being buriedDUR
diggingATEL
diggingTEL
burying
L
lauvu [ˈlɑvɯ]
- mod. tired, weary, esp. after hard work or strain
M
maliya [məˈlijə]
- n. mountain
N
nara [ˈnaɾə]
- mass n. star, stars
- when referring to the mass of stars in the sky, ⟨r⟩ is usually a trilled /r/.
R
Note: Word-initial ⟨r⟩ can be pronounced as either [r], [ɾ], or [d] depending on context. For the purpose of this dictionary, all pronunciations will begin with [r].
ravu [rəˈvɯ]
- mod. fast, quick, quickly
U
ujadi [ɯˈʒadi]
- n. house
V
vi [ˈvi]
- pro. it, inanimate third person, singular, nominative pronoun (
3Si.NOM
) - pro. its, inanimate third person, singular, possessive pronoun (
3Si.POSS
) - mod. all, every
W
waaza [ˈβʷezə]
- mod. important, valuable
waugi [ˈβʷɑɡi]
- n. shade, shadow
Y
yum [ˈjɯm]
- n. the present moment
- auv yum: now (during the present moment)
Z
zadungarauvi [zəˈdɯnɡəˌɾɑvi]
- n. shore (lit. "water line")