G-stems: joktol
Regular (strong) paradigm
| kotlec, ktol, joktol, kotol, katel 'kill'
|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun
|
| kotlec
|
| Participle
|
| katel
|
| Imperative
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 2.m
|
ktol!
|
ktola! |
ktoly!
|
| 2.f
|
ktoli! |
ktolno!
|
| Subjunctive
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
noktol |
noktla |
noktly
|
| 2.m
|
toktol
|
toktla |
toktly
|
| 2.f
|
toktli |
toktolno
|
| 3.m
|
joktol
|
joktla |
joktly
|
| 3.f
|
joktli |
joktolno
|
| Aorist
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
kotolok |
kotolna |
kotolny
|
| 2.m
|
kotolot
|
kotoltma |
kotoltmy
|
| 2.f
|
kotoloc |
kotoltna
|
| 3.m
|
kotol |
kotola |
kotoly
|
| 3.f
|
kotola |
kotolota |
kotolno
|
Weak paradigm: I-*ʔ
NB. Look at what happens before the second radical.
| ocíc, ci, jóci, ocě, ací 'come'
|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun
|
| ocíc
|
| Participle
|
| ací
|
| Imperative
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 2.m
|
ci!
|
cě! |
cý!
|
| 2.f
|
cí! |
cino!
|
| Subjunctive
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
nóci |
nócě |
nócý
|
| 2.m
|
tóci
|
tócě |
tócý
|
| 2.f
|
tócí |
tócino
|
| 3.m
|
jóci
|
jócě |
jócý
|
| 3.f
|
jócí |
jócino
|
| Aorist
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
ocěk |
ocěna |
ocěny
|
| 2.m
|
ocět
|
ocětma |
ocětmy
|
| 2.f
|
ocěc |
ocětna
|
| 3.m
|
ocě |
ocá |
ocý
|
| 3.f
|
ocá |
ocáta |
ocěno
|
Weak paradigm: I-*m/n
| jętén 'give'
|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun
|
| tęc
|
| Present participle
|
| naten
|
| Stative passive participle
|
| notyn
|
| Past participle
|
| noton
|
| Imperative
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 2.m
|
ten!
|
tna! |
tny!
|
| 2.f
|
tni! |
tenno!
|
| Subjunctive
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
noktol |
noktla |
noktly
|
| 2.m
|
toktol
|
toktla |
toktly
|
| 2.f
|
toktli |
toktolno
|
| 3.m
|
jektol
|
jektla |
jektly
|
| 3.f
|
jektli |
jektolno
|
| Preterite
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
noktól |
noktóla |
noktóly
|
| 2.m
|
toktól
|
toktóla |
toktóly
|
| 2.f
|
toktóli |
toktólno
|
| 3.m
|
jektól
|
jektóla |
jektóly
|
| 3.f
|
jektóli |
jektólno
|
| Future I
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
de noktol |
de noktla |
de noktly
|
| 2.m
|
de toktol
|
de toktla |
de toktly
|
| 2.f
|
de toktli |
de toktolno
|
| 3.m
|
de jektol
|
de jektla |
de jektly
|
| 3.f
|
de jektli |
de jektolno
|
| Future II
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1.m
|
de nočon kotol |
de nočona kotla |
de nočony kotly
|
| 1.f
|
de nočon kotla |
de nočona kotlota |
de nočony kotlác
|
| 2.m
|
de točon kotol |
de točona kotla |
de točony kotly
|
| 2.f
|
de točoni kotla |
de točona kotlota |
de točonno kotlác
|
| 3.m
|
de ječon kotol |
de ječona kotla |
de ječony kotly
|
| 3.f
|
de ječoni kotla |
de ječona kotlota |
de ječonno kotlác
|
| Perfect
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1.m
|
nák kotol |
nána kotla |
nány kotly
|
| 1.f
|
nák kotla |
nána kotlota |
nány kotlác
|
| 2.m
|
ǫto kotol |
ǫtma kotla |
ǫtmy kotly
|
| 2.f
|
ǫc kotla |
ǫtma kotlota |
ǫtno kotlác
|
| 3.m
|
(hy) kotol |
(homa) kotla |
(homy) kotly
|
| 3.f
|
(hi) kotla |
(homa) kotlota |
(hen) kotlác
|
| Pluperfect
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1.m
|
nočyn kotol |
nočyna kotla |
nočyny kotly
|
| 1.f
|
nočyn kotla |
nočyna kotlota |
nočyny kotlác
|
| 2.m
|
točyn kotol |
točyna kotla |
točyny kotly
|
| 2.f
|
točyni kotla |
točyna kotlota |
točynno kotlác
|
| 3.m
|
ječyn kotol |
ječyna kotla |
ječyny kotly
|
| 3.f
|
ječyni kotla |
ječyna kotlota |
ječynno kotlác
|
Weak paradigm: I-*w
| voldec, led, juled, volod, valed 'beget, mother/father'
|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun
|
| voldec
|
| Participle
|
| valed
|
| Imperative
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 2.m
|
led!
|
leda! |
ledy!
|
| 2.f
|
ledi! |
ledno!
|
| Subjunctive
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
nuled |
nuleda |
nuledy
|
| 2.m
|
tuled
|
tuleda |
tuledy
|
| 2.f
|
tuledi |
tuledno
|
| 3.m
|
juled
|
juleda |
juledy
|
| 3.f
|
juledi |
juledno
|
| Aorist
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
volodok |
volodna |
volodny
|
| 2.m
|
volodot
|
volótma |
volótmy
|
| 2.f
|
volodoc |
volótno
|
| 3.m
|
volod |
voloda |
volody
|
| 3.f
|
voloda |
volodota |
volodno
|
Hollow-Y
Hollow-W
Weak paradigm: III-*ʔ
NB. Look at what happens after the second radical
| boróc, bró, jobró, boró, barí 'create, cause'
|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun
|
| boróc
|
| Participle
|
| barí
|
| Imperative
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 2.m
|
bró!
|
brova! |
brovy!
|
| 2.f
|
broji! |
bróno!
|
| Subjunctive
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
nobró |
nobrova |
nobrovy
|
| 2.m
|
tobró
|
tobrova |
tobrovy
|
| 2.f
|
tobroji |
tobróno
|
| 3.m
|
jobró
|
jobrova |
jobrovy
|
| 3.f
|
jobroji |
jobróno
|
| Aorist
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
borók |
boróna |
boróny
|
| 2.m
|
borót
|
borótma |
borótmy
|
| 2.f
|
boróc |
borótno
|
| 3.m
|
boró |
borova |
borovy
|
| 3.f
|
borova |
borovota |
boróno
|
| šonovec, šní, jošní, šoní, šaní 'be angry at, resent'
|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun
|
| šonovec
|
| Participle
|
| šaní
|
| Imperative
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 2.m
|
šní!
|
šně! |
šnevy!
|
| 2.f
|
šní! |
šníno!
|
| Subjunctive
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
ošní |
nošně |
nošní
|
| 2.m
|
tošní
|
tošně |
tošnevy
|
| 2.f
|
tošní |
tošníno
|
| 3.m
|
jošní
|
jošně |
jošnevy
|
| 3.f
|
jošní |
jošníno
|
| Aorist
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
šoník |
šonína |
šoníny
|
| 2.m
|
šonít
|
šonítma |
šonítmy
|
| 2.f
|
šoníc |
šonítno
|
| 3.m
|
šoní |
šoneja |
šoneje
|
| 3.f
|
šoneja |
šonejota |
šoníno
|
Weak paradigm: III-*j
| socíc, sec, josci, socěj, sací 'drink'
|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun
|
| socíc
|
| Present participle
|
| sací
|
| Past participle
|
| socěj
|
| Imperative
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 2.m
|
sec!
|
scija! |
scý!
|
| 2.f
|
scí! |
scino!
|
| Subjunctive
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
oscej |
nosceja |
noscej
|
| 2.m
|
toscej
|
tosceja |
tosceje
|
| 2.f
|
toscí |
toscino
|
| 3.m
|
joscej
|
josceja |
josceje
|
| 3.f
|
joscí |
joscino
|
| Aorist
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
osci |
noscija |
nosci
|
| 2.m
|
tosci
|
toscija |
toscý
|
| 2.f
|
toscí |
toscino
|
| 3.m
|
josci
|
joscija |
joscý
|
| 3.f
|
joscí |
joscino
|
Weak paradigm: III-*w
| monýc, mny, jomny, monu, manev 'count'
|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun
|
| monýc
|
| Participle
|
| manev
|
| Imperative
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 2.m
|
mny!
|
mnova! |
mnovy!
|
| 2.f
|
mnovi! |
mnyno!
|
| Subjunctive
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
nomny |
nomnova |
nomnovy
|
| 2.m
|
tomny
|
tomnova |
tomnovy
|
| 2.f
|
tomnovi |
tomnyno
|
| 3.m
|
jomny
|
jomnova |
jomnovy
|
| 3.f
|
jomnovi |
jomnyno
|
| Aorist
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
monúk |
monuna |
monuny
|
| 2.m
|
monút
|
monútma |
monútmy
|
| 2.f
|
monúc |
monútno
|
| 3.m
|
monu |
monova |
monovy
|
| 3.f
|
monova |
monovota |
monuno
|
Weak paradigm: III-*ʕ
| smoqec, sma, josma, soma, samea 'hear'
|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun
|
| smoqec
|
| Participle
|
| samea, sameq-
|
| Imperative
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 2.m
|
sma!
|
smaqa! |
smaqy!
|
| 2.f
|
smaqi! |
smaqno!
|
| Subjunctive
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
nosma |
nosmaqa |
nosmaqy
|
| 2.m
|
tosma
|
tosmaqa |
tosmaqy
|
| 2.f
|
tosmaqi |
tosmaqno
|
| 3.m
|
josma
|
josmaqa |
josmaqy
|
| 3.f
|
josmaqi |
josmaqno
|
| Aorist
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
somoqok |
somoqna |
somoqny
|
| 2.m
|
somoqot
|
somoqtma |
somoqtmy
|
| 2.f
|
somoqoc |
somoqtno
|
| 3.m
|
soma |
somoqa |
somoqy
|
| 3.f
|
somoqa |
somoqota |
somoqna
|
Irregular: ráj 'see'
| rájec, ri, jóri, ráj, rěj 'see'
|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun
|
| rájec
|
| Participle
|
| rěj
|
| Imperative
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 2.m
|
ri!
|
rě! |
rý!
|
| 2.f
|
rí! |
rino!
|
| Aorist
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
nóri |
nórě |
nórý
|
| 2.m
|
tóri
|
tórě |
tórý
|
| 2.f
|
tórí |
tórino
|
| 3.m
|
jóri
|
jórě |
jórý
|
| 3.f
|
jórí |
jórino
|
N-stems: jǫkotyl
Regular (strong) paradigm
| noktylec, ǫkotyl, jǫkotyl, noktyl, mǫkotyl 'be killed'
|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun
|
| noktylec
|
| Participle
|
| mǫkotyl
|
| Imperative
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 2.m
|
ǫkotyl!
|
ǫkotyla! |
ǫkotyly!
|
| 2.f
|
ǫkotyli! |
ǫkotylno!
|
| Present
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
nǫkotyl |
nǫkotyla |
nǫkotyly
|
| 2.m
|
tǫkotyl
|
tǫkotyla |
tǫkotyly
|
| 2.f
|
tǫkotyli |
tǫkotylno
|
| 3.m
|
jǫkotyl
|
jǫkotyla |
jǫkotyly
|
| 3.f
|
jǫkotyli |
jǫkotylno
|
| Aorist
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
noktylok |
noktylna |
noktylny
|
| 2.m
|
noktylot
|
noktyltma |
noktyltmy
|
| 2.f
|
noktyloc |
noktyltna
|
| 3.m
|
noktyl |
noktyla |
noktyly
|
| 3.f
|
noktyla |
noktylota |
noktylno
|
Weak paradigm: I-*w
| nulydec, ǫvolyd, jǫvolyd, nulyd, mǫvolyd 'be born'
|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun
|
| nulydec
|
| Participle
|
| mǫvolyd
|
| Imperative
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 2.m
|
ǫvolyd!
|
ǫvolyda! |
ledy!
|
| 2.f
|
ǫvolydi! |
ǫvolydno!
|
| Present
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
nǫvolyd |
nǫvolyda |
nǫvolydy
|
| 2.m
|
tǫvolyd
|
tǫvolyda |
tǫvolydy
|
| 2.f
|
tǫvolydi |
tǫvolydno
|
| 3.m
|
jǫvolyd
|
jǫvolyda |
jǫvolydy
|
| 3.f
|
jǫvolydi |
jǫvolydno
|
| Aorist
|
|
Singular |
Dual |
Plural
|
| 1
|
nulydok |
nulydna |
nulydny
|
| 2.m
|
nulydot
|
nulýtma |
nulýtmy
|
| 2.f
|
nulydoc |
nulýtno
|
| 3.m
|
nulyd |
nulyda |
nulydy
|
| 3.f
|
nulyda |
nulydota |
nulydno
|
I-nasal
I-nasal roots trigger compensatory lengthening in combination with the ę- allomorph of the passive prefix because of the geminate *-mm-, *-nn- that resulted.
- nǫ- instead of *non-
- é- instead of ę-
- nó-, tó-, jé- instead of nǫ-, tǫ-, ję-
D-stems: jokótel
ND-stems: jǫkótel
t-stems: ktotel
Št-stems: jostoktol