Middle Wiebian

Middle Wiebian
Wieb-Muts
Created by	IlL
Language family	Pfeuno-Kitelucquian Wiebian Middle Wiebian
Language codes
ISO 639-3	qwb

Middle Wiebian is the ancestor language of Zwehrer and Gauf Wiebian lects.

Orthography

See also: Wiebian/Script.

Historical phonology

AW inventory

Ancient Wiebian:
ɪ iː ʏ yː ʊ uː
ɛ eː œ øː ɔ oː
a aː
ɪɐ iːɐ ʏɐ yːɐ ʊɐ uːɐ
ɛɐ eːɐ œɐ øːɐ ɔɐ oːɐ
aɐ aːɐ
aʊ aɪ ɔʏ
aʊɐ aɪɐ ɔʏɐ
ə

Sound changes

AW > Pre-OZw

• Vʀɐ > Vɐ
• ɪɐ iːɐ > iɐ, ʏɐ yːɐ > yɐ, ʊɐ uːɐ > uɐ, aɐ a:ɐ > aɐ
• ai > əi / _(voiceless) (after AV)
• au > əʊ / _(voiceless)
• ɔʏ > əʏ / _(voiceless)
• əl > ʊ in unstressed syllables

Initial changes

• ts > s
• Cv > Cw
• Pr Br Fr r > ʈ ɖ ʂ ʐ

Aspiration

• sp/pf sb st sd sʈ sɖ s! sg! sk sg > pʰ bʰ tʰ dʰ ʈʰ ɖʰ !ʰ g!ʰ kʰ gʰ
• sv sz > wʰ s
• sm sn > mʰ nʰ

Séimhiú

• Vp Vb Vt Vd Vʈ Vɖ V! Vg! Vk Vg > f v θ ð ʂ ʐ ɧ ɧ̬ x ɣ
• Vf Vv Vs Vz > ʔ ɦ h ɦ
• Vm Vl > v j
• aspirated consonants mutate the same as non-aspirated ones, except: mʰ > wʰ, nʰ > nʰ, lʰ > wʰ, wʰ > wʰ

Urú

• np nb nt nd nʈ nɖ n! ng! nk ng > b m d n ɖ ɳ g! ŋ! g ŋ
• nf ns nɧ > v z ɧ̬
• nsm nsn > m n
• nsp nst nsʈ ns! (nsk) > mʰ nʰ ɳʰ ŋʰ! ŋʰ
• nsl > l

Pharyngealization split

• Cl, Cʀ > Cˁ
• s-ʀ > hˁ, ʀ > ʔˁ

Other changes

• v > w

Pre-OZw > OZw

• a aː > æ æː
• e i o u ø y > æ e ɑ o æ ø / _Cɐ
• eː iː oː øː uː yː > jaː eː waː ɥaː oː øː / _Cɐ
• a e i ø y > ɑ ø y o u / _Cʊ
• aː eː iː > oː øː yː / _Cʊ
• final ɐ, ʊ lost
• ai aw ay > eː oː øː
• iɐ̯ eɐ̯ > iːa
• ɛɐ̯ > jaː
• uɐ̯ oɐ̯ > uːa
• ɔɐ̯ > waː
• yɐ̯ > yːa
• øɐ̯ > ɥaː
• aɐ̯ > æː
• ˁæ ˁe ˁi ˁo ˁø ˁu ˁy > ˁɑ ˁæ ˁe ˁɑ ˁæ ˁo ˁø
• ˁaː ˁeː ˁiː ˁoː ˁøː ˁuː ˁyː > ˁɑː ˁaw ˁew ˁaw ˁoy ˁow ˁoy
• ˁVɐ̯ > ˁəa (if V != a)
• ˁaɐ̯ > ˁaː > ˁɑː
• æː eː iː oː uː øː yː > eː iː ai uː aw yː oy (GVS)
• əa > əː
• əi əu əy (both pharyngealized and unpharyngealized) > iː uː yː
• pharyngealization lost; k-series and q-series (kˁ) remain distinct

AW > OZw finals

• cluster ending in fricative > breathy tone, cluster lost w/ compensatory lengthening
• cluster ending in plosive > glottalized tone, cluster lost w/ compensatory lengthening
• -w results from the first consonant in the final being a labial (unless final is single /-p/)
• -j results from /ç, ɧ/ as the first consonant

Phonology

Consonants

Middle Wiebian initials

		Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Click	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	voiceless	/m̊/	/n̊/	/ɳ̊/	/ŋ̊!/	/ŋ̊/	/ɴ̊/
	voiced	/m/	/n/	/ɳ/	/ŋ!/	/ŋ/	/ɴ/
Stop	tenuis	/p/	/t/	/ʈ/	/ǃ/	/k/	/q/	/ʔ/
	aspirated	/pʰ/	/tʰ/	/ʈʰ/	/ǃʰ/	/kʰ/	/qʰ/
	voiced	/b/	/d/	/ɖ/	/ɡǃ/	/ɡ/	/ɢ/
Spirants	voiceless	/f/	/θ/		/ɧ/	/x/	/χ/	/h/
	voiced		/ð/		/ɧ̬/	/ɣ/	/ʁ/
Sibilants	voiceless		/s/	/ʂ/
	voiced		/z/	/ʐ/
Approximant	voiceless	/ʍ/	/l̥/
	voiced	/w/	/l/

Vowels

Middle Wiebian vowels

	Front				Central		Back
	unrounded		rounded
	short	long	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	/i/	/iː/	/y/	/yː/			/u/	/uː/
Mid	/e/	/eː/	/ø/	/øː/		/əː/	/ɔ/	/oː/
Open	/æ/	/æː/					/ɑ/	/ɑː/

Diphthongs: /ai au oy ja je iːa jaː wa wo uːa waː ɥa ɥø yːa ɥaː aiɐ auɐ oyɐ/

Tones (allophonic)

• (-p m)
• (-p b)
• (-p g)
• (+p m)
• (+p b)
• (+p g)

Grammar

For ordinal numerals: Schmielke 'order' e.g. wahm Schmielke Hauer 'the first king' (or Zwind? any relation to zweid 'walk'?)

Phrasebook

wahm, discher, narg, đauf, sälisch, stuhm, raut, lerz, pfarb, kier:

va:m, dɪɧɐ, naɐ̯k, g!auf, ze:lɪɧ, ʃtu:m, ʀaut, lɛɐ̯ts, pfaɐ̯p, ki:ɐ̯

we:m (-p m), dej (-p b), ne:k (-p g), g!u: (-p b), zi: (-p b), tʰaum (-p m), ʔaut (+p g), lja: (-p b), pʰe:p (-p g), kaiɐ̯ (-p m)

Related pages with more information

Middle Wiebian

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