User:IlL/Spare pages 1/5
- IlL/Spare pages 1/5/Lexicon
- IlL/Spare pages 1/5/Swadesh list
- IlL/Spare pages 1/5/Names
- IlL/Spare pages 1/5/Phrasebook
| IlL/Spare pages 1/5 | |
|---|---|
| Tsjoen-naet | |
| Pronunciation | [/tʂœn nɛt/] |
| Created by | IlL |
| Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Wiobic
| |
IlL/Spare pages 1/5 (English: /tʃərn/ chern; native name: Tsjoen-naet /tʂœn nɛt/) is an official language in Tsjoen-Gjeost and several other countries, and a lingua franca in Bjeheond.
Todo
Avoid
- feok, keont
To translate
Orthography
Phonology
Tsjoen has an average-sized (~25, depending on who's counting) consonant inventory and a rather large (10) vowel inventory.
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Lateral | Medial | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ng /ŋ/ | |||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | tj /t͡ɕ/ | k /k/ | |||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | dj /d͡ʑ/ | g /g/ | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f /f/ | s /s/ | sj /ɧ/ | hj /ç/ | h /h/ | ||
| voiced | v /v/ | z /z/ | ||||||
| Affricate | ts /ts/ | tsj /tʂ/ | ||||||
| Resonant | w /w/ | r /r/ | l /l/ | zj /ɹ/ | j /j/ | |||
Notes
- t d h are pronounced like tj dj hj before /i/ and /y/.
Vowels
Tsjoen has 10 vowel phonemes. There are no diphthongs.
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| Close | i /i/ | y /y/ | eu /ɯ/ | u /u/ |
| Close-mid | e /e/ | oe /ø~œ/ | o /o/ | |
| Open-mid | ae /ɛ/ | eo /ʌ~ɔ/ | ||
| Open | a /a/ | |||
Some linguists consider eu to actually be a non-palatalizing allophone of i.
eo is reduced to [ə] in unstressed syllables.
Stress
Stress is always initial.
Phonotactics
- The most common roots are C(v/j)V, C(v/j)VC(C), C(v/j)VC(C)V, C(v/j)VC(C)VC. (The initial C(v/j) is optional)
- /ji, jɯ, vɯ, vu/ are prohibited.
- Initial /ŋ/ is prohibited, as in both Sino-Korean and Swedish.
Intonation
Morphology
Syntax
Basic typology
Tsjoen grammar is mostly analytic and SVXO. Genitives and adjectives precede nouns: relative clauses follow nouns. Both pre- and postpositions are used.
- Xi taek oseor eukng ti fjuxt.
- I speak of love and hate.
- Hveol ngeo mul kjom xi hi?
- Are you saving it for me?
- Baheod tjaleo.
- Eagles exist.
Noun phrases
- $NOUN can mean both 'a $NOUN' and '$NOUNs'; in general, number distinctions cannot be made without a classifier.
- CLF $NOUN means 'the $NOUN' or 'the $NOUNs'; the number depends on whether the classifier is singular or plural.
- bae $CLF $NOUN means 'this $NOUN'; hjeo $CLF $NOUN means 'that $NOUN'.
- $ADJ $NOUN and $VERB fo $NOUN means 'an $ADJ $NOUN' or 'a $NOUN that $VERBs'.
- $NOUN CLF $REL_CLAUSE = 'a $NOUN $REL_CLAUSE; see the section on clauses.
- (With numbers) $NOUN $N CLF = '$N $NOUN(s)'; CLF $NOUN $N CLF = 'the $N $NOUN(s).
Verb phrases
Grammaticalization happens readily in Tsjoen, as evinced by the sheer number of auxiliaries and particles in the language.
TAM
Lots of TAM particles
- progressive va < "be at/in" like Celtic
- non-immediate future ho < "mean to"
- almost < "approach"
- overdo < "cross"
- take the initiative to < "take"
- try X-ing < "taste"
- may < "get"
- please < "be pleased to"
Serial verbs?
Clauses
The copula is o.
Relative clauses
Resumptive pronoun: lje
Miscellaneous
Poetry
A Tsjoen meter is a set number of syllables per line, commonly with a division of each line into (usually two) sub-lines of certain lengths.
Alliteration is essential in Tsjoen poetry; traditionally, one creates a sense of rhythm by using alliteration in certain patterns such as:
- the beginning syllables of sub-lines, e.g. in the pattern a ... | a ... or a ... | [...] | a ...
- syllables within lines or sub-lines, e.g. a a a _ ‖ b b b _ ‖ c c c _ ‖ d d d _
- the above two may be combined, e.g. a _ a ... | b _ b ... ‖ b _ b ... | c _ c ... ‖ c _ c ... | d _ d ...
Non-traditional assonance schemes are used in modern poetry and in whimsical, quasi-Hofstadterian "riddle poems".
An example of a couplet with 4+4-lines:
Tsals ftjud txeob reodj ‖ tsop hjaeg jeopng;
dusp ny mjav pnje, ‖ dvots lats fjeltjar.
"Telegraphic" syntax à la Classical Chinese, i.e. not using classifiers and grammatical particles, is relatively common in "classical" poetry.
Sample texts
Otsn, xi-ingk o Saxmatezj Svad, ti xi-blotp o Tsjoen-blotp.