Tsimulh languages/Lexicon
- ʔímə̀ (1) 'tribesman', pl. címə̀ 'tribe'
- sə̀cʼáσè 'forest'
- nə̀tùgó = 'water'
- ʔə́sáqʷə̀ 'fish'
Swadesh
take words from Wiobic, must reconstruct from Swutsim
| No. | English | Proto-Tsimulh |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | Sw: co, cə- |
| 2 | you (singular) | Sw: fo, fə- |
| 3 | he | Sw: ə- |
| 4 | we | Sw: ot, gwə- |
| 5 | you (plural) | Sw: tsüσ, tsü- |
| 6 | they | Sw: tsə- (animate) |
| 7 | this | Sw: ba- |
| 8 | that | Sw: i- |
| 9 | here | Sw: pə |
| 10 | there | Sw: ifə |
| 11 | who | Sw: yo |
| 12 | what | Sw: yast |
| 13 | where | Sw: yəfə |
| 14 | when | Sw: yets |
| 15 | how | Sw: yəyʔa |
| 16 | not | Sw: σə- |
| 17 | all | Sw: -cwach |
| 18 | many | Sw: -zab |
| 19 | some | Sw: -ʔem |
| 20 | few | Sw: -nudh |
| 21 | other | Sw: -chasj |
| 22 | one | Sw: adh |
| 23 | two | Sw: fisj |
| 24 | three | Sw: iyəv |
| 25 | four | Sw: uzon |
| 26 | five | Sw: tu |
| 27 | big | Sw: hoξ |
| 28 | long | Sw: tayəv |
| 29 | wide | Sw: aσun |
| 30 | thick | Sw: oüs |
| 31 | heavy | Sw: tjütaσ |
| 32 | small | Sw: sjədh |
| 33 | short | Sw: zof |
| 34 | narrow | Sw: scwad |
| 35 | thin | Sw: vəʔidh |
| 36 | woman | Sw: əσü |
| 37 | man (adult male) | Sw: ətotj |
| 38 | man (human being) | Sw: hüʔə |
| 39 | child | Sw: əbechw |
| 40 | wife | Sw: əsjəσcha |
| 41 | husband | Sw: əyəp |
| 42 | mother | Sw: əmam |
| 43 | father | Sw: əpap |
| 44 | animal | Sw: əswəd |
| 45 | fish | Sw: büsav |
| 46 | bird | Sw: büfed |
| 47 | dog | Sw: bütseə 'dog' |
| 48 | louse | Sw: boʔusj |
| 49 | snake | Sw: bücuʔəσ |
| 50 | worm | Sw: büheəʔa |
| 51 | tree | Sw: pəwayts |
| 52 | forest | Sw: stsaσ |
| 53 | stick | Sw: pəvisiσ |
| 54 | fruit | Sw: psüy |
| 55 | seed | Sw: ξəpi |
| 56 | leaf | Sw: yoec |
| 57 | root | Sw: pəʔesj |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | Sw: əyvə |
| 59 | flower | Sw: pσev |
| 60 | grass | Sw: pchwit |
| 61 | rope | Sw: pʔetj |
| 62 | skin | |
| 63 | meat | |
| 64 | blood | |
| 65 | bone | |
| 66 | fat (noun) | |
| 67 | egg | |
| 68 | horn | |
| 69 | tail | |
| 70 | feather | |
| 71 | hair | |
| 72 | head | |
| 73 | ear | |
| 74 | eye | |
| 75 | nose | |
| 76 | mouth | |
| 77 | tooth | |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | |
| 79 | fingernail | |
| 80 | foot | |
| 81 | leg | |
| 82 | knee | |
| 83 | hand | |
| 84 | wing | |
| 85 | belly | |
| 86 | guts | |
| 87 | neck | |
| 88 | back | |
| 89 | breast | |
| 90 | heart | |
| 91 | liver | |
| 92 | to drink | |
| 93 | to eat | |
| 94 | to bite | |
| 95 | to suck | |
| 96 | to spit | |
| 97 | to vomit | |
| 98 | to blow | |
| 99 | to breathe | |
| 100 | to laugh | |
| 101 | to see | |
| 102 | to hear | |
| 103 | to know | |
| 104 | to think | |
| 105 | to smell | |
| 106 | to fear | |
| 107 | to sleep | |
| 108 | to live | |
| 109 | to die | |
| 110 | to kill | Sw: cwat |
| 111 | to fight | |
| 112 | to hunt | |
| 113 | to hit | |
| 114 | to cut | |
| 115 | to split | |
| 116 | to stab | |
| 117 | to scratch | |
| 118 | to dig | |
| 119 | to swim | |
| 120 | to fly | |
| 121 | to walk | |
| 122 | to come | |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | |
| 124 | to sit | |
| 125 | to stand | |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | |
| 127 | to fall | |
| 128 | to give | |
| 129 | to hold | |
| 130 | to squeeze | |
| 131 | to rub | |
| 132 | to wash | |
| 133 | to wipe | |
| 134 | to pull | |
| 135 | to push | |
| 136 | to throw | |
| 137 | to tie | |
| 138 | to sew | |
| 139 | to count | |
| 140 | to say | |
| 141 | to sing | |
| 142 | to play | |
| 143 | to float | |
| 144 | to flow | |
| 145 | to freeze | |
| 146 | to swell | |
| 147 | sun | |
| 148 | moon | |
| 149 | star | |
| 150 | water | |
| 151 | rain | |
| 152 | river | |
| 153 | lake | |
| 154 | sea | |
| 155 | salt | |
| 156 | stone | |
| 157 | sand | |
| 158 | dust | |
| 159 | earth | |
| 160 | cloud | |
| 161 | fog | |
| 162 | sky | |
| 163 | wind | |
| 164 | snow | |
| 165 | ice | Sw: σipe |
| 166 | smoke | |
| 167 | fire | |
| 168 | ash | |
| 169 | to burn | |
| 170 | road | |
| 171 | mountain | |
| 172 | red | |
| 173 | green | |
| 174 | yellow | |
| 175 | white | |
| 176 | black | ' |
| 177 | night | |
| 178 | day | |
| 179 | year | |
| 180 | warm | |
| 181 | cold | |
| 182 | full | |
| 183 | new | |
| 184 | old | |
| 185 | good | |
| 186 | bad | |
| 187 | rotten | |
| 188 | dirty | |
| 189 | straight | |
| 190 | round | |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | |
| 193 | smooth | |
| 194 | wet | |
| 195 | dry | |
| 196 | correct | |
| 197 | near | |
| 198 | far | |
| 199 | right | |
| 200 | left | |
| 201 | at | Sw: chwet |
| 202 | in | Sw: ef |
| 203 | with | Sw: hədj |
| 204 | and | Sw: bo |
| 205 | if | Sw: dhi |
| 206 | because | Sw: vatəv |
| 207 | name | Sw: tjway |
Wiobic words
1-19 |
English | PWio | Wiobian | Tsjoen | Feiden | Æ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | sjii | si | xi (informal), vael (formal) | sai | hi |
| 2 | thou | mai | mei | mae (informal), zatj (formal) | mei | |
| 3 | he; she; it | mpa | mpa (animate) | bae | hi | |
| 4 | we | taab | tab | to | θaup | |
| 5 | you | djaab | djab | zjo | śaup | |
| 6 | they | ntompa | sjuna | |||
| 7 | this | mpaid | mpeid | bae | bait | |
| 8 | that | hia | hie | hjeo, hi | hi | |
| 9 | here | saam | ßahm | som | xaum | |
| 10 | there | hiim | hihm | him | haim | |
| 11 | who | laat | laht | lot | laut | |
| 12 | what | laa | lå | what: loe; which/what kind of X: lod | lau | |
| 13 | where | lam | lam | lam | lam | |
| 14 | when | laasji | lähs | loex | liis | |
| 15 | how | laani | lahne | loen | liin | |
| 16 | not | maa | ma | si | mau | |
| 17 | all | nard | nart | |||
| 18 | many | stal | stal | |||
| 19 | some | ihmp | iv | |||
20-39 |
English | PWio | Wiobian | Tsjoen | Feiden | Æ |
| 20 | few | anku | ånk | ag | ||
| 21 | other | muuntu | muhnt | mud | ||
| 22 | one | sotj | ßoz | seots | ||
| 23 | two | kliad | klied | kljeo | ||
| 24 | three | skaab | skahb | sko | skaup | |
| 25 | four | mooj | moj | moe | mai | |
| 26 | five | fahw | fa | fah | fah | |
| 27 | big | halm | sjev | |||
| 28 | long | nameß | nams | |||
| 29 | wide | yampəng | jampeng | javng | ||
| 30 | thick | ntiimar | ntihmer | dimar | ||
| 31 | heavy | ptung | pteung | |||
| 32 | small | rjaari | rähr | zjaer | ||
| 33 | short | ähng | aeng | |||
| 34 | narrow | semp | xeov | |||
| 35 | thin | nßas | zax | |||
| 36 | woman | Iuß | jus | |||
| 37 | man (male) |
Zal | teuk | hal | ||
| 38 | person | Rahd | zjo | |||
| 39 | child (a youth) |
Ntrahg | keofts | drauk | ||
40-59 |
English | PWio | Wiobian | Tsjoen | Feiden | Æ |
| 40 | wife | Juß | zjeosm | |||
| 41 | husband | Zal | burad | |||
| 42 | mother | Mehng | mjeng | |||
| 43 | father | Behng | bjeng | |||
| 44 | animal | Junted | jeodal | |||
| 45 | fish | Ftied | ftje | |||
| 46 | bird | Niub | ny | |||
| 47 | dog | Ntrödj | droe | |||
| 48 | louse | ẞähn | sjan | |||
| 49 | snake | Oum | om | |||
| 50 | worm | Tähr | taezj | |||
| 51 | tree | nsaati | Nßäht | zjaet | ziiθ | |
| 52 | forest | Pank | pag | |||
| 53 | stick (of wood) |
ẞihng | sing | |||
| 54 | fruit | Ntep | djap | |||
| 55 | seed | Enten | jeodn | |||
| 56 | leaf | iim | Ihm | im | ||
| 57 | root | Hampet | habat | |||
| 58 | bark (of tree) |
Rähng | rjang | |||
| 59 | flower | Swiod | svjo | |||
60-79 |
English | PWio | Wiobian | Tsjoen | Feiden | Æ |
| 60 | grass | ẞeib | sae | |||
| 61 | rope | Ntiodj | djoe | |||
| 62 | skin (of a person) |
Sem | xjeom | |||
| 63 | meat (as in flesh) |
Ihs | ix | |||
| 64 | blood | Tquemp | tkjeov | |||
| 65 | bone | Wäker | vaekar | |||
| 66 | fat (noun) |
Tliug | tlju | |||
| 67 | egg | kwee | Que | kvje | ||
| 68 | horn | Fies | fjes | |||
| 69 | tail | Suong | xong | |||
| 70 | feather (rather not down) |
Wöll | voel | |||
| 71 | hair | Höß | hosj | |||
| 72 | head | Fnah | fnah | |||
| 73 | ear | Pihr | pir | |||
| 74 | eye | Gul | geol | |||
| 75 | nose | Ihlt | ilt | |||
| 76 | mouth | Mpoh | boh | |||
| 77 | tooth (rather not molar) |
Nßud | zu | |||
| 78 | tongue | War | vazj | |||
| 79 | fingernail | Mpahng-Haf | bong-ram | |||
80-99 |
English | PWio | Wiobian | Tsjoen | Feiden | Æ |
| 80 | foot | Kehr | kjer | |||
| 81 | leg | Zrahk | hop | |||
| 82 | knee | heungun | Hiung | hjungan | ||
| 83 | hand | mpaang | Mpahng | bong | ||
| 84 | wing | Gähmp | ljezj | |||
| 85 | belly | jug | xeo | |||
| 86 | guts | Psan | psan | |||
| 87 | neck | Ktäte | ktaete | |||
| 88 | back | Gehnt | gjed | |||
| 89 | breast | Siner | xeunar | |||
| 90 | heart | Link | ljeog | |||
| 91 | liver | Ahnt | od | |||
| 92 | to drink | wek | vjeok | |||
| 93 | to eat | grob | am | |||
| 94 | to bite | kep | aek | |||
| 95 | to suck | blak | blak | |||
| 96 | to spit | peg | pah | |||
| 97 | to vomit | weig | hvae | |||
| 98 | to blow (as wind) |
zrie | tsrjeoh | |||
| 99 | to breathe | tmang | vih | |||
100-119 |
English | PWio | Wiobian | Tsjoen | Feiden | Æ |
| 100 | to laugh | hähmper | hjever | |||
| 101 | to see | tuhk | tuk | |||
| 102 | to hear | rüge | ry | |||
| 103 | to know (a fact) |
sie | sjeo | |||
| 104 | to think | gdunß | gdeoz | |||
| 105 | to smell (sense odor) |
ntihl | dil | |||
| 106 | to fear | tmedj | tmje | |||
| 107 | to sleep | bleid | blae | |||
| 108 | to live | yund- | jund | jeod | ||
| 109 | to die | rjeeb | rehb | zje | ||
| 110 | to kill | quat | snjeoh | |||
| 111 | to fight | quähmp | goetar | |||
| 112 | to hunt (transitive) |
dionge | djunga | |||
| 113 | to hit | kraz | hak | |||
| 114 | to cut | hiz | hetj | |||
| 115 | to split | kriob | draen | drein | ||
| 116 | to stab (or stick) |
kaz | tnjok | |||
| 117 | to scratch (an itch) |
razer | syrk | |||
| 118 | to dig | benohß | nos | |||
| 119 | to swim | nkiud | gju | |||
120-139 |
English | PWio | Wiobian | Tsjoen | Feiden | Æ |
| 120 | to fly | nkoup | ||||
| 121 | to walk | smein | ||||
| 122 | to come | fiunt | ||||
| 123 | to lie (as on one's side) |
geing | ||||
| 124 | to sit | zior | tjor | |||
| 125 | to stand | hwähl | ||||
| 126 | to turn (change direction) |
hüöz | ||||
| 127 | to fall (as in drop) |
þomp | ||||
| 128 | to give | rieng | ||||
| 129 | to hold (in one's hand) |
prönj | ||||
| 130 | to squeeze | sehf | ||||
| 131 | to rub | zra | ||||
| 132 | to wash | hweil | ||||
| 133 | to wipe | tpahg | ||||
| 134 | to pull | spehm | ||||
| 135 | to push | pliek | ||||
| 136 | to throw | luoz | ||||
| 137 | to tie | nzähm | ||||
| 138 | to sew | mpuok | ||||
| 139 | to count | pthähß | ||||
140-159 |
English | PWio | Wiobian | Tsjoen | Feiden | Æ |
| 140 | to say | quap | ||||
| 141 | to sing | wehnt | vjed | |||
| 142 | to play | twamp | ||||
| 143 | to float | þwihl | ||||
| 144 | to flow | njühnj | ||||
| 145 | to freeze | mpüöleß | ||||
| 146 | to swell | quank | ||||
| 147 | sun | pes | Peß | pjeos | ||
| 148 | moon | thuuntu | Thuhnt | tud | ||
| 149 | star | heemp | Hehmp | hjev | hiib | |
| 150 | water | niim | Nihm | nim | naim | |
| 151 | rain | Nkrang | sun | haun | ||
| 152 | river | Njåhl | brjeong | |||
| 153 | lake | Meßöü | ||||
| 154 | sea (as in ocean) |
Lahnzem | ||||
| 155 | salt | ntjwain | Nzwein | zvaen | ||
| 156 | stone | Parer | pazjar | |||
| 157 | sand | Zrihf | ||||
| 158 | dust | Tlehb | ||||
| 159 | earth (as in soil) |
Proum | ||||
160-179 |
English | PWio | Wiobian | Tsjoen | Feiden | Æ |
| 160 | cloud | Bahnjeng | hvjota | |||
| 161 | fog | Ssal | ||||
| 162 | sky | hweuta, sing | Hwiote | sjeong | ||
| 163 | wind (as in breeze) |
Ssåmf | ||||
| 164 | snow | Nzär | ||||
| 165 | ice | Ssium | ||||
| 166 | smoke | Trahm | ||||
| 167 | fire | Zlieg | ||||
| 168 | ashes | Pkut | ||||
| 169 | to burn (intransitive) |
mior | ||||
| 170 | road | Kähnz | ||||
| 171 | mountain | Råg | ||||
| 172 | red | jähk | ||||
| 173 | green | toump | ||||
| 174 | yellow | slif | ||||
| 175 | white | jahgem | ||||
| 176 | black | peig | ||||
| 177 | night | Dienz | ||||
| 178 | day (daytime) |
Mohs | ||||
| 179 | year | Mdehg | ||||
180-199 |
English | PWio | Wiobian | Tsjoen | Feiden | Æ |
| 180 | warm (as in weather) |
zäker | ||||
| 181 | cold (as in weather) |
thang | tang | |||
| 182 | full | ßiemp | ||||
| 183 | new | honz | ||||
| 184 | old | hwä | ||||
| 185 | good | sjaa | sa | xa | ||
| 186 | bad | nzour | muk | |||
| 187 | rotten (as, a log) |
eniedj | ||||
| 188 | dirty | preik | ||||
| 189 | straight | spih | ||||
| 190 | round | tuonk | ||||
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) |
ähp | ||||
| 192 | dull (as a knife) |
wihf | ||||
| 193 | smooth | quarep | ||||
| 194 | wet | jemel | ||||
| 195 | dry (adjective) |
üöf | ||||
| 196 | right (correct) |
hweik | ||||
| 197 | near | wähd | ||||
| 198 | far | kliefel | ||||
| 199 | right (side) |
bdeh | ||||
200-207 |
English | PWio | Wiobian | Tsjoen | Feiden | Æ |
| 200 | left (side) |
nzühß | zys | |||
| 201 | at | -en | je | |||
| 202 | in | -el | ha | |||
| 203 | with (accompanying) |
-emp | sae | |||
| 204 | and | je | ti | |||
| 205 | if | wek | sjeol | |||
| 206 | because | njeh | dmu | |||
| 207 | name | iink | Ihnk | ink |