Haoli
| Haoli | |
|---|---|
| Haoli | |
| Pronunciation | [[Help:IPA|ha.ɔ.li]] |
| Created by | iancgil |
Proto-Xawlih
| |
Introduction
Haoli is the language spoken by the Haonai.
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Post Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | Normal | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | k /k/ | |||||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | |||||||
| Ejective | voiceless | pp /pʼ/ | tt /tʼ/ | kk /kʼ/ | ||||||
| voiced | dd /dʼ/ | gg /gʼ/ | ||||||||
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | nj /ɲ/ | ng /ŋ/ | ||||||
| Trill | Normal | r /r/ | ||||||||
| Aspirated | rh /rʰ/ | |||||||||
| Fricative | Normal | voiceless | f /f/ | þ /θ/ | s /s/ | c /ʃ/ | x /x/ | h /h/ | ||
| voiced | ð /ð/ | gh /ɣ/ | ||||||||
| Lengthened | voiceless | ff /fː/ | ss /sː/ | |||||||
| voiced | vv /vː/ | |||||||||
| Aspirated | vh /vʰ/ | |||||||||
| Approximant | j /j/ | |||||||||
| Lateral Approximant | l /l/ | |||||||||
Vowels
| Front | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | short | i /i/ | |
| long | ii/ī /iː/ | ||
| Open-Mid | short | e /ɛ/ u /œ/ | o /ɔ/ |
| long | ee/ē /ɛː/ uu/ū /œː/ | oo/ō /ɔː/ | |
| Open | short | a /a/ | |
| long | aa/ā /aː/ | ||
Phonotactics
Orthography
Native Orthography
Morphology
Nouns
Haoli Nouns decline for case, gender, and number.
Gender
Gender in Haoli pertains to how the plural is formed as well as how it is declined. Haoli articles do have gender agreement with the constituent noun. Haoli has three genders: neuter, feminine, and masculine.
Plurals
Haoli plurals are formed by suffixes or ablaut.
Pronouns
| Pronouns | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | ||||||
| Singular | Plural | |||||
| First Person | jan | bet | ||||
| Second Person | si | al | ||||
| Third Person | edi | ede | eda | edic | edec | edac |
Declension
Basic Cases
- Nominative
- Accusative
- Dative
- Malefactive
- Adverbial
- Vocative
- Contrastive
- Genitive
Oblique Cases
- Translative
- Exessive
- Essive
- Instrumental
- Prolative
Locative Cases
Internal
- Innesive
- Hyperessive
- Illative
- Hyperlative
- Elative
- Hyper-elative
- Supraperlative
- Hyperlative
- Perlative
Traversal
- Lative
- Superlative
- Prosecutive
- Terminative
Exodal
- Ablative
- Antessive
- Delative
- Eblative
Relational
- Superessive
- Supraessive
- Comitative
- Pertingent
- Apudessive
- Enclosive
- Forbative
- Locative
- Bative
- Transversive
- Circumfrentive
- Situative
- Abessive
- Intrative
- Subessive
Temporal Cases
- Temporal
- Temporal-lative
- Temporal-hyper-transversive
- Temporal-terminative
- Temporal-hyperbative
Articles
| Articles | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Article | Singular | Plural |
| Neuter | Definite | von | vono |
| Indefinite | xon | xono | |
| Feminine | Definite | ven | vene |
| Indefinite | xen | xene | |
| Masculine | Definite | vun | vunu |
| Indefinite | xun | xunu | |
Verbs
Haoli Verbs conjugate for tense and mood.
Negation
Haoli uses the circumposition ro VERB an.
Example:
The flower is not black.
Ro eiþi an asti veti.
Tense
- Present
- Imperfect
- Future
- Pluperfect
Mood
- Indicative
- Interrogative
- Subjunctive
- Conditional
- Imperative
- Jussive
- Opative
- Quotative
Pre-Affixal Clitic Conjunctions
- aja – or
- isjo - so
- je – and
- jia – for
- jue – but
- laja – nor
- ajsi – than
- ngo - that
- bo - yet
Examples:
He listened and pondered.
Kroai je'ajatoe kasa.
Syntax
Word Order (Taturuc)
Modifier Order
| The Basic Forms | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tatur | English Translation | Word Order |
| Vun Pituð Tatur | The Elegant Form | Preceding Modifier |
| Vun Rasuð Tatur | The Common Form | Proceeding Modifier |
Sentence Order
| Tatur | English Translation | Word Order |
|---|---|---|
| Vun Isatuð Tatur | The Egocentric/Dominant/Impolite Form | S-V-O |
| Vun Roisatuð Tatur | The Non-Egocentric/Submissive/Polite Form | O-V-S |
Numbers
| Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | mitat | |||||||||
| 1 | 1 | edu | |||||||||
| 2 | 2 | ket | |||||||||
| 3 | 3 | har | |||||||||
| 4 | 4 | neg | |||||||||
| 5 | 5 | ote | |||||||||
| 6 | 6 | vat | |||||||||
| 7 | 7 | jet | |||||||||
| 8 | 8 | njol | |||||||||
| 9 | 9 | reso | |||||||||
| 10 | A | poi | |||||||||
| 11 | B | ofu | |||||||||
| 12 | C | ver | |||||||||
| 13 | D | los | |||||||||
| 14 | E | is | |||||||||
| 15 | F | ox | |||||||||
| 16 | G | cic | |||||||||
| 17 | H | tal | |||||||||
| 18 | J | af | |||||||||
| 19 | K | bona | |||||||||
| 20 | 10 | uv | |||||||||